LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - Objects - listobject.c (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: CPython lcov report Lines: 731 1373 53.2 %
Date: 2017-04-19 Functions: 56 77 72.7 %

          Line data    Source code
       1             : /* List object implementation */
       2             : 
       3             : #include "Python.h"
       4             : 
       5             : #ifdef STDC_HEADERS
       6             : #include <stddef.h>
       7             : #else
       8             : #include <sys/types.h>          /* For size_t */
       9             : #endif
      10             : 
      11             : /* Ensure ob_item has room for at least newsize elements, and set
      12             :  * ob_size to newsize.  If newsize > ob_size on entry, the content
      13             :  * of the new slots at exit is undefined heap trash; it's the caller's
      14             :  * responsibility to overwrite them with sane values.
      15             :  * The number of allocated elements may grow, shrink, or stay the same.
      16             :  * Failure is impossible if newsize <= self.allocated on entry, although
      17             :  * that partly relies on an assumption that the system realloc() never
      18             :  * fails when passed a number of bytes <= the number of bytes last
      19             :  * allocated (the C standard doesn't guarantee this, but it's hard to
      20             :  * imagine a realloc implementation where it wouldn't be true).
      21             :  * Note that self->ob_item may change, and even if newsize is less
      22             :  * than ob_size on entry.
      23             :  */
      24             : static int
      25      113066 : list_resize(PyListObject *self, Py_ssize_t newsize)
      26             : {
      27             :     PyObject **items;
      28             :     size_t new_allocated;
      29      113066 :     Py_ssize_t allocated = self->allocated;
      30             : 
      31             :     /* Bypass realloc() when a previous overallocation is large enough
      32             :        to accommodate the newsize.  If the newsize falls lower than half
      33             :        the allocated size, then proceed with the realloc() to shrink the list.
      34             :     */
      35      113066 :     if (allocated >= newsize && newsize >= (allocated >> 1)) {
      36             :         assert(self->ob_item != NULL || newsize == 0);
      37       88836 :         Py_SIZE(self) = newsize;
      38       88836 :         return 0;
      39             :     }
      40             : 
      41             :     /* This over-allocates proportional to the list size, making room
      42             :      * for additional growth.  The over-allocation is mild, but is
      43             :      * enough to give linear-time amortized behavior over a long
      44             :      * sequence of appends() in the presence of a poorly-performing
      45             :      * system realloc().
      46             :      * The growth pattern is:  0, 4, 8, 16, 25, 35, 46, 58, 72, 88, ...
      47             :      */
      48       24230 :     new_allocated = (newsize >> 3) + (newsize < 9 ? 3 : 6);
      49             : 
      50             :     /* check for integer overflow */
      51       24230 :     if (new_allocated > PY_SIZE_MAX - newsize) {
      52           0 :         PyErr_NoMemory();
      53           0 :         return -1;
      54             :     } else {
      55       24230 :         new_allocated += newsize;
      56             :     }
      57             : 
      58       24230 :     if (newsize == 0)
      59           3 :         new_allocated = 0;
      60       24230 :     items = self->ob_item;
      61       24230 :     if (new_allocated <= (PY_SIZE_MAX / sizeof(PyObject *)))
      62       24230 :         PyMem_RESIZE(items, PyObject *, new_allocated);
      63             :     else
      64           0 :         items = NULL;
      65       24230 :     if (items == NULL) {
      66           0 :         PyErr_NoMemory();
      67           0 :         return -1;
      68             :     }
      69       24230 :     self->ob_item = items;
      70       24230 :     Py_SIZE(self) = newsize;
      71       24230 :     self->allocated = new_allocated;
      72       24230 :     return 0;
      73             : }
      74             : 
      75             : /* Debug statistic to compare allocations with reuse through the free list */
      76             : #undef SHOW_ALLOC_COUNT
      77             : #ifdef SHOW_ALLOC_COUNT
      78             : static size_t count_alloc = 0;
      79             : static size_t count_reuse = 0;
      80             : 
      81             : static void
      82             : show_alloc(void)
      83             : {
      84             :     fprintf(stderr, "List allocations: %" PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T "d\n",
      85             :         count_alloc);
      86             :     fprintf(stderr, "List reuse through freelist: %" PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T
      87             :         "d\n", count_reuse);
      88             :     fprintf(stderr, "%.2f%% reuse rate\n\n",
      89             :         (100.0*count_reuse/(count_alloc+count_reuse)));
      90             : }
      91             : #endif
      92             : 
      93             : /* Empty list reuse scheme to save calls to malloc and free */
      94             : #ifndef PyList_MAXFREELIST
      95             : #define PyList_MAXFREELIST 80
      96             : #endif
      97             : static PyListObject *free_list[PyList_MAXFREELIST];
      98             : static int numfree = 0;
      99             : 
     100             : void
     101           3 : PyList_Fini(void)
     102             : {
     103             :     PyListObject *op;
     104             : 
     105         246 :     while (numfree) {
     106         240 :         op = free_list[--numfree];
     107             :         assert(PyList_CheckExact(op));
     108         240 :         PyObject_GC_Del(op);
     109             :     }
     110           3 : }
     111             : 
     112             : PyObject *
     113       30687 : PyList_New(Py_ssize_t size)
     114             : {
     115             :     PyListObject *op;
     116             :     size_t nbytes;
     117             : #ifdef SHOW_ALLOC_COUNT
     118             :     static int initialized = 0;
     119             :     if (!initialized) {
     120             :         Py_AtExit(show_alloc);
     121             :         initialized = 1;
     122             :     }
     123             : #endif
     124             : 
     125       30687 :     if (size < 0) {
     126           0 :         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
     127           0 :         return NULL;
     128             :     }
     129             :     /* Check for overflow without an actual overflow,
     130             :      *  which can cause compiler to optimise out */
     131       30687 :     if ((size_t)size > PY_SIZE_MAX / sizeof(PyObject *))
     132           0 :         return PyErr_NoMemory();
     133       30687 :     nbytes = size * sizeof(PyObject *);
     134       30687 :     if (numfree) {
     135       28159 :         numfree--;
     136       28159 :         op = free_list[numfree];
     137       28159 :         _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)op);
     138             : #ifdef SHOW_ALLOC_COUNT
     139             :         count_reuse++;
     140             : #endif
     141             :     } else {
     142        2528 :         op = PyObject_GC_New(PyListObject, &PyList_Type);
     143        2528 :         if (op == NULL)
     144           0 :             return NULL;
     145             : #ifdef SHOW_ALLOC_COUNT
     146             :         count_alloc++;
     147             : #endif
     148             :     }
     149       30687 :     if (size <= 0)
     150       18809 :         op->ob_item = NULL;
     151             :     else {
     152       11878 :         op->ob_item = (PyObject **) PyMem_MALLOC(nbytes);
     153       11878 :         if (op->ob_item == NULL) {
     154           0 :             Py_DECREF(op);
     155           0 :             return PyErr_NoMemory();
     156             :         }
     157       11878 :         memset(op->ob_item, 0, nbytes);
     158             :     }
     159       30687 :     Py_SIZE(op) = size;
     160       30687 :     op->allocated = size;
     161       30687 :     _PyObject_GC_TRACK(op);
     162       30687 :     return (PyObject *) op;
     163             : }
     164             : 
     165             : Py_ssize_t
     166        3206 : PyList_Size(PyObject *op)
     167             : {
     168        3206 :     if (!PyList_Check(op)) {
     169           0 :         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
     170           0 :         return -1;
     171             :     }
     172             :     else
     173        3206 :         return Py_SIZE(op);
     174             : }
     175             : 
     176             : static PyObject *indexerr = NULL;
     177             : 
     178             : PyObject *
     179        1260 : PyList_GetItem(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t i)
     180             : {
     181        1260 :     if (!PyList_Check(op)) {
     182           0 :         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
     183           0 :         return NULL;
     184             :     }
     185        1260 :     if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(op)) {
     186           0 :         if (indexerr == NULL) {
     187           0 :             indexerr = PyString_FromString(
     188             :                 "list index out of range");
     189           0 :             if (indexerr == NULL)
     190           0 :                 return NULL;
     191             :         }
     192           0 :         PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_IndexError, indexerr);
     193           0 :         return NULL;
     194             :     }
     195        1260 :     return ((PyListObject *)op) -> ob_item[i];
     196             : }
     197             : 
     198             : int
     199        1316 : PyList_SetItem(register PyObject *op, register Py_ssize_t i,
     200             :                register PyObject *newitem)
     201             : {
     202             :     register PyObject *olditem;
     203             :     register PyObject **p;
     204        1316 :     if (!PyList_Check(op)) {
     205           0 :         Py_XDECREF(newitem);
     206           0 :         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
     207           0 :         return -1;
     208             :     }
     209        1316 :     if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(op)) {
     210           0 :         Py_XDECREF(newitem);
     211           0 :         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError,
     212             :                         "list assignment index out of range");
     213           0 :         return -1;
     214             :     }
     215        1316 :     p = ((PyListObject *)op) -> ob_item + i;
     216        1316 :     olditem = *p;
     217        1316 :     *p = newitem;
     218        1316 :     Py_XDECREF(olditem);
     219        1316 :     return 0;
     220             : }
     221             : 
     222             : static int
     223           3 : ins1(PyListObject *self, Py_ssize_t where, PyObject *v)
     224             : {
     225           3 :     Py_ssize_t i, n = Py_SIZE(self);
     226             :     PyObject **items;
     227           3 :     if (v == NULL) {
     228           0 :         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
     229           0 :         return -1;
     230             :     }
     231           3 :     if (n == PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) {
     232           0 :         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
     233             :             "cannot add more objects to list");
     234           0 :         return -1;
     235             :     }
     236             : 
     237           3 :     if (list_resize(self, n+1) == -1)
     238           0 :         return -1;
     239             : 
     240           3 :     if (where < 0) {
     241           0 :         where += n;
     242           0 :         if (where < 0)
     243           0 :             where = 0;
     244             :     }
     245           3 :     if (where > n)
     246           0 :         where = n;
     247           3 :     items = self->ob_item;
     248          24 :     for (i = n; --i >= where; )
     249          18 :         items[i+1] = items[i];
     250           3 :     Py_INCREF(v);
     251           3 :     items[where] = v;
     252           3 :     return 0;
     253             : }
     254             : 
     255             : int
     256           3 : PyList_Insert(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t where, PyObject *newitem)
     257             : {
     258           3 :     if (!PyList_Check(op)) {
     259           0 :         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
     260           0 :         return -1;
     261             :     }
     262           3 :     return ins1((PyListObject *)op, where, newitem);
     263             : }
     264             : 
     265             : static int
     266      104054 : app1(PyListObject *self, PyObject *v)
     267             : {
     268      104054 :     Py_ssize_t n = PyList_GET_SIZE(self);
     269             : 
     270             :     assert (v != NULL);
     271      104054 :     if (n == PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) {
     272           0 :         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
     273             :             "cannot add more objects to list");
     274           0 :         return -1;
     275             :     }
     276             : 
     277      104054 :     if (list_resize(self, n+1) == -1)
     278           0 :         return -1;
     279             : 
     280      104054 :     Py_INCREF(v);
     281      104054 :     PyList_SET_ITEM(self, n, v);
     282      104054 :     return 0;
     283             : }
     284             : 
     285             : int
     286       72051 : PyList_Append(PyObject *op, PyObject *newitem)
     287             : {
     288       72051 :     if (PyList_Check(op) && (newitem != NULL))
     289       72051 :         return app1((PyListObject *)op, newitem);
     290           0 :     PyErr_BadInternalCall();
     291           0 :     return -1;
     292             : }
     293             : 
     294             : /* Methods */
     295             : 
     296             : static void
     297       30699 : list_dealloc(PyListObject *op)
     298             : {
     299             :     Py_ssize_t i;
     300       30699 :     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(op);
     301       30699 :     Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(op)
     302       30687 :     if (op->ob_item != NULL) {
     303             :         /* Do it backwards, for Christian Tismer.
     304             :            There's a simple test case where somehow this reduces
     305             :            thrashing when a *very* large list is created and
     306             :            immediately deleted. */
     307       24604 :         i = Py_SIZE(op);
     308      213335 :         while (--i >= 0) {
     309      164127 :             Py_XDECREF(op->ob_item[i]);
     310             :         }
     311       24604 :         PyMem_FREE(op->ob_item);
     312             :     }
     313       30687 :     if (numfree < PyList_MAXFREELIST && PyList_CheckExact(op))
     314       28399 :         free_list[numfree++] = op;
     315             :     else
     316        2288 :         Py_TYPE(op)->tp_free((PyObject *)op);
     317       30687 :     Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END(op)
     318       30699 : }
     319             : 
     320             : static int
     321           0 : list_print(PyListObject *op, FILE *fp, int flags)
     322             : {
     323             :     int rc;
     324             :     Py_ssize_t i;
     325             :     PyObject *item;
     326             : 
     327           0 :     rc = Py_ReprEnter((PyObject*)op);
     328           0 :     if (rc != 0) {
     329           0 :         if (rc < 0)
     330           0 :             return rc;
     331             :         Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
     332           0 :         fprintf(fp, "[...]");
     333             :         Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
     334           0 :         return 0;
     335             :     }
     336             :     Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
     337           0 :     fprintf(fp, "[");
     338             :     Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
     339           0 :     for (i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(op); i++) {
     340           0 :         item = op->ob_item[i];
     341           0 :         Py_INCREF(item);
     342           0 :         if (i > 0) {
     343             :             Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
     344           0 :             fprintf(fp, ", ");
     345             :             Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
     346             :         }
     347           0 :         if (PyObject_Print(item, fp, 0) != 0) {
     348           0 :             Py_DECREF(item);
     349           0 :             Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)op);
     350           0 :             return -1;
     351             :         }
     352           0 :         Py_DECREF(item);
     353             :     }
     354             :     Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
     355           0 :     fprintf(fp, "]");
     356             :     Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
     357           0 :     Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)op);
     358           0 :     return 0;
     359             : }
     360             : 
     361             : static PyObject *
     362           0 : list_repr(PyListObject *v)
     363             : {
     364             :     Py_ssize_t i;
     365             :     PyObject *s, *temp;
     366           0 :     PyObject *pieces = NULL, *result = NULL;
     367             : 
     368           0 :     i = Py_ReprEnter((PyObject*)v);
     369           0 :     if (i != 0) {
     370           0 :         return i > 0 ? PyString_FromString("[...]") : NULL;
     371             :     }
     372             : 
     373           0 :     if (Py_SIZE(v) == 0) {
     374           0 :         result = PyString_FromString("[]");
     375           0 :         goto Done;
     376             :     }
     377             : 
     378           0 :     pieces = PyList_New(0);
     379           0 :     if (pieces == NULL)
     380           0 :         goto Done;
     381             : 
     382             :     /* Do repr() on each element.  Note that this may mutate the list,
     383             :        so must refetch the list size on each iteration. */
     384           0 :     for (i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(v); ++i) {
     385             :         int status;
     386           0 :         if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall(" while getting the repr of a list"))
     387           0 :             goto Done;
     388           0 :         s = PyObject_Repr(v->ob_item[i]);
     389           0 :         Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
     390           0 :         if (s == NULL)
     391           0 :             goto Done;
     392           0 :         status = PyList_Append(pieces, s);
     393           0 :         Py_DECREF(s);  /* append created a new ref */
     394           0 :         if (status < 0)
     395           0 :             goto Done;
     396             :     }
     397             : 
     398             :     /* Add "[]" decorations to the first and last items. */
     399             :     assert(PyList_GET_SIZE(pieces) > 0);
     400           0 :     s = PyString_FromString("[");
     401           0 :     if (s == NULL)
     402           0 :         goto Done;
     403           0 :     temp = PyList_GET_ITEM(pieces, 0);
     404           0 :     PyString_ConcatAndDel(&s, temp);
     405           0 :     PyList_SET_ITEM(pieces, 0, s);
     406           0 :     if (s == NULL)
     407           0 :         goto Done;
     408             : 
     409           0 :     s = PyString_FromString("]");
     410           0 :     if (s == NULL)
     411           0 :         goto Done;
     412           0 :     temp = PyList_GET_ITEM(pieces, PyList_GET_SIZE(pieces) - 1);
     413           0 :     PyString_ConcatAndDel(&temp, s);
     414           0 :     PyList_SET_ITEM(pieces, PyList_GET_SIZE(pieces) - 1, temp);
     415           0 :     if (temp == NULL)
     416           0 :         goto Done;
     417             : 
     418             :     /* Paste them all together with ", " between. */
     419           0 :     s = PyString_FromString(", ");
     420           0 :     if (s == NULL)
     421           0 :         goto Done;
     422           0 :     result = _PyString_Join(s, pieces);
     423           0 :     Py_DECREF(s);
     424             : 
     425             : Done:
     426           0 :     Py_XDECREF(pieces);
     427           0 :     Py_ReprLeave((PyObject *)v);
     428           0 :     return result;
     429             : }
     430             : 
     431             : static Py_ssize_t
     432       21883 : list_length(PyListObject *a)
     433             : {
     434       21883 :     return Py_SIZE(a);
     435             : }
     436             : 
     437             : static int
     438         120 : list_contains(PyListObject *a, PyObject *el)
     439             : {
     440             :     Py_ssize_t i;
     441             :     int cmp;
     442             : 
     443         324 :     for (i = 0, cmp = 0 ; cmp == 0 && i < Py_SIZE(a); ++i)
     444         204 :         cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(el, PyList_GET_ITEM(a, i),
     445             :                                            Py_EQ);
     446         120 :     return cmp;
     447             : }
     448             : 
     449             : static PyObject *
     450        3012 : list_item(PyListObject *a, Py_ssize_t i)
     451             : {
     452        3012 :     if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(a)) {
     453        1191 :         if (indexerr == NULL) {
     454           3 :             indexerr = PyString_FromString(
     455             :                 "list index out of range");
     456           3 :             if (indexerr == NULL)
     457           0 :                 return NULL;
     458             :         }
     459        1191 :         PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_IndexError, indexerr);
     460        1191 :         return NULL;
     461             :     }
     462        1821 :     Py_INCREF(a->ob_item[i]);
     463        1821 :     return a->ob_item[i];
     464             : }
     465             : 
     466             : static PyObject *
     467        1761 : list_slice(PyListObject *a, Py_ssize_t ilow, Py_ssize_t ihigh)
     468             : {
     469             :     PyListObject *np;
     470             :     PyObject **src, **dest;
     471             :     Py_ssize_t i, len;
     472        1761 :     if (ilow < 0)
     473           0 :         ilow = 0;
     474        1761 :     else if (ilow > Py_SIZE(a))
     475           3 :         ilow = Py_SIZE(a);
     476        1761 :     if (ihigh < ilow)
     477           0 :         ihigh = ilow;
     478        1761 :     else if (ihigh > Py_SIZE(a))
     479        1188 :         ihigh = Py_SIZE(a);
     480        1761 :     len = ihigh - ilow;
     481        1761 :     np = (PyListObject *) PyList_New(len);
     482        1761 :     if (np == NULL)
     483           0 :         return NULL;
     484             : 
     485        1761 :     src = a->ob_item + ilow;
     486        1761 :     dest = np->ob_item;
     487        3789 :     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
     488        2028 :         PyObject *v = src[i];
     489        2028 :         Py_INCREF(v);
     490        2028 :         dest[i] = v;
     491             :     }
     492        1761 :     return (PyObject *)np;
     493             : }
     494             : 
     495             : PyObject *
     496           0 : PyList_GetSlice(PyObject *a, Py_ssize_t ilow, Py_ssize_t ihigh)
     497             : {
     498           0 :     if (!PyList_Check(a)) {
     499           0 :         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
     500           0 :         return NULL;
     501             :     }
     502           0 :     return list_slice((PyListObject *)a, ilow, ihigh);
     503             : }
     504             : 
     505             : static PyObject *
     506         783 : list_concat(PyListObject *a, PyObject *bb)
     507             : {
     508             :     Py_ssize_t size;
     509             :     Py_ssize_t i;
     510             :     PyObject **src, **dest;
     511             :     PyListObject *np;
     512         783 :     if (!PyList_Check(bb)) {
     513           0 :         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
     514             :                   "can only concatenate list (not \"%.200s\") to list",
     515           0 :                   bb->ob_type->tp_name);
     516           0 :         return NULL;
     517             :     }
     518             : #define b ((PyListObject *)bb)
     519         783 :     size = Py_SIZE(a) + Py_SIZE(b);
     520         783 :     if (size < 0)
     521           0 :         return PyErr_NoMemory();
     522         783 :     np = (PyListObject *) PyList_New(size);
     523         783 :     if (np == NULL) {
     524           0 :         return NULL;
     525             :     }
     526         783 :     src = a->ob_item;
     527         783 :     dest = np->ob_item;
     528        2811 :     for (i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(a); i++) {
     529        2028 :         PyObject *v = src[i];
     530        2028 :         Py_INCREF(v);
     531        2028 :         dest[i] = v;
     532             :     }
     533         783 :     src = b->ob_item;
     534         783 :     dest = np->ob_item + Py_SIZE(a);
     535        3477 :     for (i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(b); i++) {
     536        2694 :         PyObject *v = src[i];
     537        2694 :         Py_INCREF(v);
     538        2694 :         dest[i] = v;
     539             :     }
     540         783 :     return (PyObject *)np;
     541             : #undef b
     542             : }
     543             : 
     544             : static PyObject *
     545        1512 : list_repeat(PyListObject *a, Py_ssize_t n)
     546             : {
     547             :     Py_ssize_t i, j;
     548             :     Py_ssize_t size;
     549             :     PyListObject *np;
     550             :     PyObject **p, **items;
     551             :     PyObject *elem;
     552        1512 :     if (n < 0)
     553           0 :         n = 0;
     554        1512 :     if (n > 0 && Py_SIZE(a) > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / n)
     555           0 :         return PyErr_NoMemory();
     556        1512 :     size = Py_SIZE(a) * n;
     557        1512 :     if (size == 0)
     558           0 :         return PyList_New(0);
     559        1512 :     np = (PyListObject *) PyList_New(size);
     560        1512 :     if (np == NULL)
     561           0 :         return NULL;
     562             : 
     563        1512 :     items = np->ob_item;
     564        1512 :     if (Py_SIZE(a) == 1) {
     565        1512 :         elem = a->ob_item[0];
     566        4605 :         for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
     567        3093 :             items[i] = elem;
     568        3093 :             Py_INCREF(elem);
     569             :         }
     570        1512 :         return (PyObject *) np;
     571             :     }
     572           0 :     p = np->ob_item;
     573           0 :     items = a->ob_item;
     574           0 :     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
     575           0 :         for (j = 0; j < Py_SIZE(a); j++) {
     576           0 :             *p = items[j];
     577           0 :             Py_INCREF(*p);
     578           0 :             p++;
     579             :         }
     580             :     }
     581           0 :     return (PyObject *) np;
     582             : }
     583             : 
     584             : static int
     585         726 : list_clear(PyListObject *a)
     586             : {
     587             :     Py_ssize_t i;
     588         726 :     PyObject **item = a->ob_item;
     589         726 :     if (item != NULL) {
     590             :         /* Because XDECREF can recursively invoke operations on
     591             :            this list, we make it empty first. */
     592         723 :         i = Py_SIZE(a);
     593         723 :         Py_SIZE(a) = 0;
     594         723 :         a->ob_item = NULL;
     595         723 :         a->allocated = 0;
     596        2199 :         while (--i >= 0) {
     597         753 :             Py_XDECREF(item[i]);
     598             :         }
     599         723 :         PyMem_FREE(item);
     600             :     }
     601             :     /* Never fails; the return value can be ignored.
     602             :        Note that there is no guarantee that the list is actually empty
     603             :        at this point, because XDECREF may have populated it again! */
     604         726 :     return 0;
     605             : }
     606             : 
     607             : /* a[ilow:ihigh] = v if v != NULL.
     608             :  * del a[ilow:ihigh] if v == NULL.
     609             :  *
     610             :  * Special speed gimmick:  when v is NULL and ihigh - ilow <= 8, it's
     611             :  * guaranteed the call cannot fail.
     612             :  */
     613             : static int
     614        2227 : list_ass_slice(PyListObject *a, Py_ssize_t ilow, Py_ssize_t ihigh, PyObject *v)
     615             : {
     616             :     /* Because [X]DECREF can recursively invoke list operations on
     617             :        this list, we must postpone all [X]DECREF activity until
     618             :        after the list is back in its canonical shape.  Therefore
     619             :        we must allocate an additional array, 'recycle', into which
     620             :        we temporarily copy the items that are deleted from the
     621             :        list. :-( */
     622             :     PyObject *recycle_on_stack[8];
     623        2227 :     PyObject **recycle = recycle_on_stack; /* will allocate more if needed */
     624             :     PyObject **item;
     625        2227 :     PyObject **vitem = NULL;
     626        2227 :     PyObject *v_as_SF = NULL; /* PySequence_Fast(v) */
     627             :     Py_ssize_t n; /* # of elements in replacement list */
     628             :     Py_ssize_t norig; /* # of elements in list getting replaced */
     629             :     Py_ssize_t d; /* Change in size */
     630             :     Py_ssize_t k;
     631             :     size_t s;
     632        2227 :     int result = -1;            /* guilty until proved innocent */
     633             : #define b ((PyListObject *)v)
     634        2227 :     if (v == NULL)
     635        2227 :         n = 0;
     636             :     else {
     637           0 :         if (a == b) {
     638             :             /* Special case "a[i:j] = a" -- copy b first */
     639           0 :             v = list_slice(b, 0, Py_SIZE(b));
     640           0 :             if (v == NULL)
     641           0 :                 return result;
     642           0 :             result = list_ass_slice(a, ilow, ihigh, v);
     643           0 :             Py_DECREF(v);
     644           0 :             return result;
     645             :         }
     646           0 :         v_as_SF = PySequence_Fast(v, "can only assign an iterable");
     647           0 :         if(v_as_SF == NULL)
     648           0 :             goto Error;
     649           0 :         n = PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(v_as_SF);
     650           0 :         vitem = PySequence_Fast_ITEMS(v_as_SF);
     651             :     }
     652        2227 :     if (ilow < 0)
     653           0 :         ilow = 0;
     654        2227 :     else if (ilow > Py_SIZE(a))
     655           0 :         ilow = Py_SIZE(a);
     656             : 
     657        2227 :     if (ihigh < ilow)
     658           0 :         ihigh = ilow;
     659        2227 :     else if (ihigh > Py_SIZE(a))
     660           0 :         ihigh = Py_SIZE(a);
     661             : 
     662        2227 :     norig = ihigh - ilow;
     663             :     assert(norig >= 0);
     664        2227 :     d = n - norig;
     665        2227 :     if (Py_SIZE(a) + d == 0) {
     666         720 :         Py_XDECREF(v_as_SF);
     667         720 :         return list_clear(a);
     668             :     }
     669        1507 :     item = a->ob_item;
     670             :     /* recycle the items that we are about to remove */
     671        1507 :     s = norig * sizeof(PyObject *);
     672             :     /* If norig == 0, item might be NULL, in which case we may not memcpy from it. */
     673        1507 :     if (s) {
     674        1507 :         if (s > sizeof(recycle_on_stack)) {
     675           0 :             recycle = (PyObject **)PyMem_MALLOC(s);
     676           0 :             if (recycle == NULL) {
     677           0 :                 PyErr_NoMemory();
     678           0 :                 goto Error;
     679             :             }
     680             :         }
     681        1507 :         memcpy(recycle, &item[ilow], s);
     682             :     }
     683             : 
     684        1507 :     if (d < 0) { /* Delete -d items */
     685        1507 :         memmove(&item[ihigh+d], &item[ihigh],
     686        1507 :             (Py_SIZE(a) - ihigh)*sizeof(PyObject *));
     687        1507 :         list_resize(a, Py_SIZE(a) + d);
     688        1507 :         item = a->ob_item;
     689             :     }
     690           0 :     else if (d > 0) { /* Insert d items */
     691           0 :         k = Py_SIZE(a);
     692           0 :         if (list_resize(a, k+d) < 0)
     693           0 :             goto Error;
     694           0 :         item = a->ob_item;
     695           0 :         memmove(&item[ihigh+d], &item[ihigh],
     696           0 :             (k - ihigh)*sizeof(PyObject *));
     697             :     }
     698        1507 :     for (k = 0; k < n; k++, ilow++) {
     699           0 :         PyObject *w = vitem[k];
     700           0 :         Py_XINCREF(w);
     701           0 :         item[ilow] = w;
     702             :     }
     703        3014 :     for (k = norig - 1; k >= 0; --k)
     704        1507 :         Py_XDECREF(recycle[k]);
     705        1507 :     result = 0;
     706             :  Error:
     707        1507 :     if (recycle != recycle_on_stack)
     708           0 :         PyMem_FREE(recycle);
     709        1507 :     Py_XDECREF(v_as_SF);
     710        1507 :     return result;
     711             : #undef b
     712             : }
     713             : 
     714             : int
     715          81 : PyList_SetSlice(PyObject *a, Py_ssize_t ilow, Py_ssize_t ihigh, PyObject *v)
     716             : {
     717          81 :     if (!PyList_Check(a)) {
     718           0 :         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
     719           0 :         return -1;
     720             :     }
     721          81 :     return list_ass_slice((PyListObject *)a, ilow, ihigh, v);
     722             : }
     723             : 
     724             : static PyObject *
     725           0 : list_inplace_repeat(PyListObject *self, Py_ssize_t n)
     726             : {
     727             :     PyObject **items;
     728             :     Py_ssize_t size, i, j, p;
     729             : 
     730             : 
     731           0 :     size = PyList_GET_SIZE(self);
     732           0 :     if (size == 0 || n == 1) {
     733           0 :         Py_INCREF(self);
     734           0 :         return (PyObject *)self;
     735             :     }
     736             : 
     737           0 :     if (n < 1) {
     738           0 :         (void)list_clear(self);
     739           0 :         Py_INCREF(self);
     740           0 :         return (PyObject *)self;
     741             :     }
     742             : 
     743           0 :     if (size > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / n) {
     744           0 :         return PyErr_NoMemory();
     745             :     }
     746             : 
     747           0 :     if (list_resize(self, size*n) == -1)
     748           0 :         return NULL;
     749             : 
     750           0 :     p = size;
     751           0 :     items = self->ob_item;
     752           0 :     for (i = 1; i < n; i++) { /* Start counting at 1, not 0 */
     753           0 :         for (j = 0; j < size; j++) {
     754           0 :             PyObject *o = items[j];
     755           0 :             Py_INCREF(o);
     756           0 :             items[p++] = o;
     757             :         }
     758             :     }
     759           0 :     Py_INCREF(self);
     760           0 :     return (PyObject *)self;
     761             : }
     762             : 
     763             : static int
     764        9712 : list_ass_item(PyListObject *a, Py_ssize_t i, PyObject *v)
     765             : {
     766             :     PyObject *old_value;
     767        9712 :     if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(a)) {
     768           0 :         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError,
     769             :                         "list assignment index out of range");
     770           0 :         return -1;
     771             :     }
     772        9712 :     if (v == NULL)
     773        1960 :         return list_ass_slice(a, i, i+1, v);
     774        7752 :     Py_INCREF(v);
     775        7752 :     old_value = a->ob_item[i];
     776        7752 :     a->ob_item[i] = v;
     777        7752 :     Py_DECREF(old_value);
     778        7752 :     return 0;
     779             : }
     780             : 
     781             : static PyObject *
     782           0 : listinsert(PyListObject *self, PyObject *args)
     783             : {
     784             :     Py_ssize_t i;
     785             :     PyObject *v;
     786           0 :     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "nO:insert", &i, &v))
     787           0 :         return NULL;
     788           0 :     if (ins1(self, i, v) == 0)
     789           0 :         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     790           0 :     return NULL;
     791             : }
     792             : 
     793             : static PyObject *
     794       31952 : listappend(PyListObject *self, PyObject *v)
     795             : {
     796       31952 :     if (app1(self, v) == 0)
     797       31952 :         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     798           0 :     return NULL;
     799             : }
     800             : 
     801             : static PyObject *
     802        6938 : listextend(PyListObject *self, PyObject *b)
     803             : {
     804             :     PyObject *it;      /* iter(v) */
     805             :     Py_ssize_t m;                  /* size of self */
     806             :     Py_ssize_t n;                  /* guess for size of b */
     807             :     Py_ssize_t mn;                 /* m + n */
     808             :     Py_ssize_t i;
     809             :     PyObject *(*iternext)(PyObject *);
     810             : 
     811             :     /* Special cases:
     812             :        1) lists and tuples which can use PySequence_Fast ops
     813             :        2) extending self to self requires making a copy first
     814             :     */
     815        6938 :     if (PyList_CheckExact(b) || PyTuple_CheckExact(b) || (PyObject *)self == b) {
     816             :         PyObject **src, **dest;
     817        5870 :         b = PySequence_Fast(b, "argument must be iterable");
     818        5870 :         if (!b)
     819           0 :             return NULL;
     820        5870 :         n = PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(b);
     821        5870 :         if (n == 0) {
     822             :             /* short circuit when b is empty */
     823         515 :             Py_DECREF(b);
     824         515 :             Py_RETURN_NONE;
     825             :         }
     826        5355 :         m = Py_SIZE(self);
     827        5355 :         if (list_resize(self, m + n) == -1) {
     828           0 :             Py_DECREF(b);
     829           0 :             return NULL;
     830             :         }
     831             :         /* note that we may still have self == b here for the
     832             :          * situation a.extend(a), but the following code works
     833             :          * in that case too.  Just make sure to resize self
     834             :          * before calling PySequence_Fast_ITEMS.
     835             :          */
     836             :         /* populate the end of self with b's items */
     837        5355 :         src = PySequence_Fast_ITEMS(b);
     838        5355 :         dest = self->ob_item + m;
     839       19566 :         for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
     840       14211 :             PyObject *o = src[i];
     841       14211 :             Py_INCREF(o);
     842       14211 :             dest[i] = o;
     843             :         }
     844        5355 :         Py_DECREF(b);
     845        5355 :         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     846             :     }
     847             : 
     848        1068 :     it = PyObject_GetIter(b);
     849        1068 :     if (it == NULL)
     850           0 :         return NULL;
     851        1068 :     iternext = *it->ob_type->tp_iternext;
     852             : 
     853             :     /* Guess a result list size. */
     854        1068 :     n = _PyObject_LengthHint(b, 8);
     855        1068 :     if (n == -1) {
     856           0 :         Py_DECREF(it);
     857           0 :         return NULL;
     858             :     }
     859        1068 :     m = Py_SIZE(self);
     860        1068 :     mn = m + n;
     861        1068 :     if (mn >= m) {
     862             :         /* Make room. */
     863        1068 :         if (list_resize(self, mn) == -1)
     864           0 :             goto error;
     865             :         /* Make the list sane again. */
     866        1068 :         Py_SIZE(self) = m;
     867             :     }
     868             :     /* Else m + n overflowed; on the chance that n lied, and there really
     869             :      * is enough room, ignore it.  If n was telling the truth, we'll
     870             :      * eventually run out of memory during the loop.
     871             :      */
     872             : 
     873             :     /* Run iterator to exhaustion. */
     874             :     for (;;) {
     875        4098 :         PyObject *item = iternext(it);
     876        4098 :         if (item == NULL) {
     877        1068 :             if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
     878           0 :                 if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_StopIteration))
     879           0 :                     PyErr_Clear();
     880             :                 else
     881           0 :                     goto error;
     882             :             }
     883        1068 :             break;
     884             :         }
     885        3030 :         if (Py_SIZE(self) < self->allocated) {
     886             :             /* steals ref */
     887        2979 :             PyList_SET_ITEM(self, Py_SIZE(self), item);
     888        2979 :             ++Py_SIZE(self);
     889             :         }
     890             :         else {
     891          51 :             int status = app1(self, item);
     892          51 :             Py_DECREF(item);  /* append creates a new ref */
     893          51 :             if (status < 0)
     894           0 :                 goto error;
     895             :         }
     896        3030 :     }
     897             : 
     898             :     /* Cut back result list if initial guess was too large. */
     899        1068 :     if (Py_SIZE(self) < self->allocated)
     900        1068 :         list_resize(self, Py_SIZE(self));  /* shrinking can't fail */
     901             : 
     902        1068 :     Py_DECREF(it);
     903        1068 :     Py_RETURN_NONE;
     904             : 
     905             :   error:
     906           0 :     Py_DECREF(it);
     907           0 :     return NULL;
     908             : }
     909             : 
     910             : PyObject *
     911        3740 : _PyList_Extend(PyListObject *self, PyObject *b)
     912             : {
     913        3740 :     return listextend(self, b);
     914             : }
     915             : 
     916             : static PyObject *
     917         648 : list_inplace_concat(PyListObject *self, PyObject *other)
     918             : {
     919             :     PyObject *result;
     920             : 
     921         648 :     result = listextend(self, other);
     922         648 :     if (result == NULL)
     923           0 :         return result;
     924         648 :     Py_DECREF(result);
     925         648 :     Py_INCREF(self);
     926         648 :     return (PyObject *)self;
     927             : }
     928             : 
     929             : static PyObject *
     930          14 : listpop(PyListObject *self, PyObject *args)
     931             : {
     932          14 :     Py_ssize_t i = -1;
     933             :     PyObject *v;
     934             :     int status;
     935             : 
     936          14 :     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|n:pop", &i))
     937           0 :         return NULL;
     938             : 
     939          14 :     if (Py_SIZE(self) == 0) {
     940             :         /* Special-case most common failure cause */
     941           0 :         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "pop from empty list");
     942           0 :         return NULL;
     943             :     }
     944          14 :     if (i < 0)
     945           8 :         i += Py_SIZE(self);
     946          14 :     if (i < 0 || i >= Py_SIZE(self)) {
     947           0 :         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "pop index out of range");
     948           0 :         return NULL;
     949             :     }
     950          14 :     v = self->ob_item[i];
     951          14 :     if (i == Py_SIZE(self) - 1) {
     952          11 :         status = list_resize(self, Py_SIZE(self) - 1);
     953             :         assert(status >= 0);
     954          11 :         return v; /* and v now owns the reference the list had */
     955             :     }
     956           3 :     Py_INCREF(v);
     957           3 :     status = list_ass_slice(self, i, i+1, (PyObject *)NULL);
     958             :     assert(status >= 0);
     959             :     /* Use status, so that in a release build compilers don't
     960             :      * complain about the unused name.
     961             :      */
     962             :     (void) status;
     963             : 
     964           3 :     return v;
     965             : }
     966             : 
     967             : /* Reverse a slice of a list in place, from lo up to (exclusive) hi. */
     968             : static void
     969         821 : reverse_slice(PyObject **lo, PyObject **hi)
     970             : {
     971             :     assert(lo && hi);
     972             : 
     973         821 :     --hi;
     974        2510 :     while (lo < hi) {
     975         868 :         PyObject *t = *lo;
     976         868 :         *lo = *hi;
     977         868 :         *hi = t;
     978         868 :         ++lo;
     979         868 :         --hi;
     980             :     }
     981         821 : }
     982             : 
     983             : /* Lots of code for an adaptive, stable, natural mergesort.  There are many
     984             :  * pieces to this algorithm; read listsort.txt for overviews and details.
     985             :  */
     986             : 
     987             : /* Comparison function.  Takes care of calling a user-supplied
     988             :  * comparison function (any callable Python object), which must not be
     989             :  * NULL (use the ISLT macro if you don't know, or call PyObject_RichCompareBool
     990             :  * with Py_LT if you know it's NULL).
     991             :  * Returns -1 on error, 1 if x < y, 0 if x >= y.
     992             :  */
     993             : static int
     994           0 : islt(PyObject *x, PyObject *y, PyObject *compare)
     995             : {
     996             :     PyObject *res;
     997             :     PyObject *args;
     998             :     Py_ssize_t i;
     999             : 
    1000             :     assert(compare != NULL);
    1001             :     /* Call the user's comparison function and translate the 3-way
    1002             :      * result into true or false (or error).
    1003             :      */
    1004           0 :     args = PyTuple_New(2);
    1005           0 :     if (args == NULL)
    1006           0 :         return -1;
    1007           0 :     Py_INCREF(x);
    1008           0 :     Py_INCREF(y);
    1009           0 :     PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, 0, x);
    1010           0 :     PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, 1, y);
    1011           0 :     res = PyObject_Call(compare, args, NULL);
    1012           0 :     Py_DECREF(args);
    1013           0 :     if (res == NULL)
    1014           0 :         return -1;
    1015           0 :     if (!PyInt_Check(res)) {
    1016           0 :         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
    1017             :                      "comparison function must return int, not %.200s",
    1018           0 :                      res->ob_type->tp_name);
    1019           0 :         Py_DECREF(res);
    1020           0 :         return -1;
    1021             :     }
    1022           0 :     i = PyInt_AsLong(res);
    1023           0 :     Py_DECREF(res);
    1024           0 :     return i < 0;
    1025             : }
    1026             : 
    1027             : /* If COMPARE is NULL, calls PyObject_RichCompareBool with Py_LT, else calls
    1028             :  * islt.  This avoids a layer of function call in the usual case, and
    1029             :  * sorting does many comparisons.
    1030             :  * Returns -1 on error, 1 if x < y, 0 if x >= y.
    1031             :  */
    1032             : #define ISLT(X, Y, COMPARE) ((COMPARE) == NULL ?                        \
    1033             :                  PyObject_RichCompareBool(X, Y, Py_LT) :                \
    1034             :                  islt(X, Y, COMPARE))
    1035             : 
    1036             : /* Compare X to Y via "<".  Goto "fail" if the comparison raises an
    1037             :    error.  Else "k" is set to true iff X<Y, and an "if (k)" block is
    1038             :    started.  It makes more sense in context <wink>.  X and Y are PyObject*s.
    1039             : */
    1040             : #define IFLT(X, Y) if ((k = ISLT(X, Y, compare)) < 0) goto fail;  \
    1041             :            if (k)
    1042             : 
    1043             : /* binarysort is the best method for sorting small arrays: it does
    1044             :    few compares, but can do data movement quadratic in the number of
    1045             :    elements.
    1046             :    [lo, hi) is a contiguous slice of a list, and is sorted via
    1047             :    binary insertion.  This sort is stable.
    1048             :    On entry, must have lo <= start <= hi, and that [lo, start) is already
    1049             :    sorted (pass start == lo if you don't know!).
    1050             :    If islt() complains return -1, else 0.
    1051             :    Even in case of error, the output slice will be some permutation of
    1052             :    the input (nothing is lost or duplicated).
    1053             : */
    1054             : static int
    1055        1344 : binarysort(PyObject **lo, PyObject **hi, PyObject **start, PyObject *compare)
    1056             :      /* compare -- comparison function object, or NULL for default */
    1057             : {
    1058             :     register Py_ssize_t k;
    1059             :     register PyObject **l, **p, **r;
    1060             :     register PyObject *pivot;
    1061             : 
    1062             :     assert(lo <= start && start <= hi);
    1063             :     /* assert [lo, start) is sorted */
    1064        1344 :     if (lo == start)
    1065           0 :         ++start;
    1066       10976 :     for (; start < hi; ++start) {
    1067             :         /* set l to where *start belongs */
    1068        9632 :         l = lo;
    1069        9632 :         r = start;
    1070        9632 :         pivot = *r;
    1071             :         /* Invariants:
    1072             :          * pivot >= all in [lo, l).
    1073             :          * pivot  < all in [r, start).
    1074             :          * The second is vacuously true at the start.
    1075             :          */
    1076             :         assert(l < r);
    1077             :         do {
    1078       30802 :             p = l + ((r - l) >> 1);
    1079       30802 :             IFLT(pivot, *p)
    1080       16395 :                 r = p;
    1081             :             else
    1082       14407 :                 l = p+1;
    1083       30802 :         } while (l < r);
    1084             :         assert(l == r);
    1085             :         /* The invariants still hold, so pivot >= all in [lo, l) and
    1086             :            pivot < all in [l, start), so pivot belongs at l.  Note
    1087             :            that if there are elements equal to pivot, l points to the
    1088             :            first slot after them -- that's why this sort is stable.
    1089             :            Slide over to make room.
    1090             :            Caution: using memmove is much slower under MSVC 5;
    1091             :            we're not usually moving many slots. */
    1092       58575 :         for (p = start; p > l; --p)
    1093       48943 :             *p = *(p-1);
    1094        9632 :         *l = pivot;
    1095             :     }
    1096        1344 :     return 0;
    1097             : 
    1098             :  fail:
    1099           0 :     return -1;
    1100             : }
    1101             : 
    1102             : /*
    1103             : Return the length of the run beginning at lo, in the slice [lo, hi).  lo < hi
    1104             : is required on entry.  "A run" is the longest ascending sequence, with
    1105             : 
    1106             :     lo[0] <= lo[1] <= lo[2] <= ...
    1107             : 
    1108             : or the longest descending sequence, with
    1109             : 
    1110             :     lo[0] > lo[1] > lo[2] > ...
    1111             : 
    1112             : Boolean *descending is set to 0 in the former case, or to 1 in the latter.
    1113             : For its intended use in a stable mergesort, the strictness of the defn of
    1114             : "descending" is needed so that the caller can safely reverse a descending
    1115             : sequence without violating stability (strict > ensures there are no equal
    1116             : elements to get out of order).
    1117             : 
    1118             : Returns -1 in case of error.
    1119             : */
    1120             : static Py_ssize_t
    1121        1804 : count_run(PyObject **lo, PyObject **hi, PyObject *compare, int *descending)
    1122             : {
    1123             :     Py_ssize_t k;
    1124             :     Py_ssize_t n;
    1125             : 
    1126             :     assert(lo < hi);
    1127        1804 :     *descending = 0;
    1128        1804 :     ++lo;
    1129        1804 :     if (lo == hi)
    1130           0 :         return 1;
    1131             : 
    1132        1804 :     n = 2;
    1133        1804 :     IFLT(*lo, *(lo-1)) {
    1134         803 :         *descending = 1;
    1135        1043 :         for (lo = lo+1; lo < hi; ++lo, ++n) {
    1136         823 :             IFLT(*lo, *(lo-1))
    1137             :                 ;
    1138             :             else
    1139         583 :                 break;
    1140             :         }
    1141             :     }
    1142             :     else {
    1143        1359 :         for (lo = lo+1; lo < hi; ++lo, ++n) {
    1144        1119 :             IFLT(*lo, *(lo-1))
    1145         761 :                 break;
    1146             :         }
    1147             :     }
    1148             : 
    1149        1804 :     return n;
    1150             : fail:
    1151           0 :     return -1;
    1152             : }
    1153             : 
    1154             : /*
    1155             : Locate the proper position of key in a sorted vector; if the vector contains
    1156             : an element equal to key, return the position immediately to the left of
    1157             : the leftmost equal element.  [gallop_right() does the same except returns
    1158             : the position to the right of the rightmost equal element (if any).]
    1159             : 
    1160             : "a" is a sorted vector with n elements, starting at a[0].  n must be > 0.
    1161             : 
    1162             : "hint" is an index at which to begin the search, 0 <= hint < n.  The closer
    1163             : hint is to the final result, the faster this runs.
    1164             : 
    1165             : The return value is the int k in 0..n such that
    1166             : 
    1167             :     a[k-1] < key <= a[k]
    1168             : 
    1169             : pretending that *(a-1) is minus infinity and a[n] is plus infinity.  IOW,
    1170             : key belongs at index k; or, IOW, the first k elements of a should precede
    1171             : key, and the last n-k should follow key.
    1172             : 
    1173             : Returns -1 on error.  See listsort.txt for info on the method.
    1174             : */
    1175             : static Py_ssize_t
    1176          24 : gallop_left(PyObject *key, PyObject **a, Py_ssize_t n, Py_ssize_t hint, PyObject *compare)
    1177             : {
    1178             :     Py_ssize_t ofs;
    1179             :     Py_ssize_t lastofs;
    1180             :     Py_ssize_t k;
    1181             : 
    1182             :     assert(key && a && n > 0 && hint >= 0 && hint < n);
    1183             : 
    1184          24 :     a += hint;
    1185          24 :     lastofs = 0;
    1186          24 :     ofs = 1;
    1187          24 :     IFLT(*a, key) {
    1188             :         /* a[hint] < key -- gallop right, until
    1189             :          * a[hint + lastofs] < key <= a[hint + ofs]
    1190             :          */
    1191           6 :         const Py_ssize_t maxofs = n - hint;             /* &a[n-1] is highest */
    1192          12 :         while (ofs < maxofs) {
    1193           0 :             IFLT(a[ofs], key) {
    1194           0 :                 lastofs = ofs;
    1195           0 :                 ofs = (ofs << 1) + 1;
    1196           0 :                 if (ofs <= 0)                   /* int overflow */
    1197           0 :                     ofs = maxofs;
    1198             :             }
    1199             :             else                /* key <= a[hint + ofs] */
    1200           0 :                 break;
    1201             :         }
    1202           6 :         if (ofs > maxofs)
    1203           0 :             ofs = maxofs;
    1204             :         /* Translate back to offsets relative to &a[0]. */
    1205           6 :         lastofs += hint;
    1206           6 :         ofs += hint;
    1207             :     }
    1208             :     else {
    1209             :         /* key <= a[hint] -- gallop left, until
    1210             :          * a[hint - ofs] < key <= a[hint - lastofs]
    1211             :          */
    1212          18 :         const Py_ssize_t maxofs = hint + 1;             /* &a[0] is lowest */
    1213          54 :         while (ofs < maxofs) {
    1214          36 :             IFLT(*(a-ofs), key)
    1215          18 :                 break;
    1216             :             /* key <= a[hint - ofs] */
    1217          18 :             lastofs = ofs;
    1218          18 :             ofs = (ofs << 1) + 1;
    1219          18 :             if (ofs <= 0)               /* int overflow */
    1220           0 :                 ofs = maxofs;
    1221             :         }
    1222          18 :         if (ofs > maxofs)
    1223           0 :             ofs = maxofs;
    1224             :         /* Translate back to positive offsets relative to &a[0]. */
    1225          18 :         k = lastofs;
    1226          18 :         lastofs = hint - ofs;
    1227          18 :         ofs = hint - k;
    1228             :     }
    1229          24 :     a -= hint;
    1230             : 
    1231             :     assert(-1 <= lastofs && lastofs < ofs && ofs <= n);
    1232             :     /* Now a[lastofs] < key <= a[ofs], so key belongs somewhere to the
    1233             :      * right of lastofs but no farther right than ofs.  Do a binary
    1234             :      * search, with invariant a[lastofs-1] < key <= a[ofs].
    1235             :      */
    1236          24 :     ++lastofs;
    1237          66 :     while (lastofs < ofs) {
    1238          18 :         Py_ssize_t m = lastofs + ((ofs - lastofs) >> 1);
    1239             : 
    1240          18 :         IFLT(a[m], key)
    1241          18 :             lastofs = m+1;              /* a[m] < key */
    1242             :         else
    1243           0 :             ofs = m;                    /* key <= a[m] */
    1244             :     }
    1245             :     assert(lastofs == ofs);             /* so a[ofs-1] < key <= a[ofs] */
    1246          24 :     return ofs;
    1247             : 
    1248             : fail:
    1249           0 :     return -1;
    1250             : }
    1251             : 
    1252             : /*
    1253             : Exactly like gallop_left(), except that if key already exists in a[0:n],
    1254             : finds the position immediately to the right of the rightmost equal value.
    1255             : 
    1256             : The return value is the int k in 0..n such that
    1257             : 
    1258             :     a[k-1] <= key < a[k]
    1259             : 
    1260             : or -1 if error.
    1261             : 
    1262             : The code duplication is massive, but this is enough different given that
    1263             : we're sticking to "<" comparisons that it's much harder to follow if
    1264             : written as one routine with yet another "left or right?" flag.
    1265             : */
    1266             : static Py_ssize_t
    1267          24 : gallop_right(PyObject *key, PyObject **a, Py_ssize_t n, Py_ssize_t hint, PyObject *compare)
    1268             : {
    1269             :     Py_ssize_t ofs;
    1270             :     Py_ssize_t lastofs;
    1271             :     Py_ssize_t k;
    1272             : 
    1273             :     assert(key && a && n > 0 && hint >= 0 && hint < n);
    1274             : 
    1275          24 :     a += hint;
    1276          24 :     lastofs = 0;
    1277          24 :     ofs = 1;
    1278          24 :     IFLT(key, *a) {
    1279             :         /* key < a[hint] -- gallop left, until
    1280             :          * a[hint - ofs] <= key < a[hint - lastofs]
    1281             :          */
    1282           6 :         const Py_ssize_t maxofs = hint + 1;             /* &a[0] is lowest */
    1283          12 :         while (ofs < maxofs) {
    1284           0 :             IFLT(key, *(a-ofs)) {
    1285           0 :                 lastofs = ofs;
    1286           0 :                 ofs = (ofs << 1) + 1;
    1287           0 :                 if (ofs <= 0)                   /* int overflow */
    1288           0 :                     ofs = maxofs;
    1289             :             }
    1290             :             else                /* a[hint - ofs] <= key */
    1291           0 :                 break;
    1292             :         }
    1293           6 :         if (ofs > maxofs)
    1294           0 :             ofs = maxofs;
    1295             :         /* Translate back to positive offsets relative to &a[0]. */
    1296           6 :         k = lastofs;
    1297           6 :         lastofs = hint - ofs;
    1298           6 :         ofs = hint - k;
    1299             :     }
    1300             :     else {
    1301             :         /* a[hint] <= key -- gallop right, until
    1302             :          * a[hint + lastofs] <= key < a[hint + ofs]
    1303             :         */
    1304          18 :         const Py_ssize_t maxofs = n - hint;             /* &a[n-1] is highest */
    1305          36 :         while (ofs < maxofs) {
    1306          12 :             IFLT(key, a[ofs])
    1307          12 :                 break;
    1308             :             /* a[hint + ofs] <= key */
    1309           0 :             lastofs = ofs;
    1310           0 :             ofs = (ofs << 1) + 1;
    1311           0 :             if (ofs <= 0)               /* int overflow */
    1312           0 :                 ofs = maxofs;
    1313             :         }
    1314          18 :         if (ofs > maxofs)
    1315           0 :             ofs = maxofs;
    1316             :         /* Translate back to offsets relative to &a[0]. */
    1317          18 :         lastofs += hint;
    1318          18 :         ofs += hint;
    1319             :     }
    1320          24 :     a -= hint;
    1321             : 
    1322             :     assert(-1 <= lastofs && lastofs < ofs && ofs <= n);
    1323             :     /* Now a[lastofs] <= key < a[ofs], so key belongs somewhere to the
    1324             :      * right of lastofs but no farther right than ofs.  Do a binary
    1325             :      * search, with invariant a[lastofs-1] <= key < a[ofs].
    1326             :      */
    1327          24 :     ++lastofs;
    1328          48 :     while (lastofs < ofs) {
    1329           0 :         Py_ssize_t m = lastofs + ((ofs - lastofs) >> 1);
    1330             : 
    1331           0 :         IFLT(key, a[m])
    1332           0 :             ofs = m;                    /* key < a[m] */
    1333             :         else
    1334           0 :             lastofs = m+1;              /* a[m] <= key */
    1335             :     }
    1336             :     assert(lastofs == ofs);             /* so a[ofs-1] <= key < a[ofs] */
    1337          24 :     return ofs;
    1338             : 
    1339             : fail:
    1340           0 :     return -1;
    1341             : }
    1342             : 
    1343             : /* The maximum number of entries in a MergeState's pending-runs stack.
    1344             :  * This is enough to sort arrays of size up to about
    1345             :  *     32 * phi ** MAX_MERGE_PENDING
    1346             :  * where phi ~= 1.618.  85 is ridiculouslylarge enough, good for an array
    1347             :  * with 2**64 elements.
    1348             :  */
    1349             : #define MAX_MERGE_PENDING 85
    1350             : 
    1351             : /* When we get into galloping mode, we stay there until both runs win less
    1352             :  * often than MIN_GALLOP consecutive times.  See listsort.txt for more info.
    1353             :  */
    1354             : #define MIN_GALLOP 7
    1355             : 
    1356             : /* Avoid malloc for small temp arrays. */
    1357             : #define MERGESTATE_TEMP_SIZE 256
    1358             : 
    1359             : /* One MergeState exists on the stack per invocation of mergesort.  It's just
    1360             :  * a convenient way to pass state around among the helper functions.
    1361             :  */
    1362             : struct s_slice {
    1363             :     PyObject **base;
    1364             :     Py_ssize_t len;
    1365             : };
    1366             : 
    1367             : typedef struct s_MergeState {
    1368             :     /* The user-supplied comparison function. or NULL if none given. */
    1369             :     PyObject *compare;
    1370             : 
    1371             :     /* This controls when we get *into* galloping mode.  It's initialized
    1372             :      * to MIN_GALLOP.  merge_lo and merge_hi tend to nudge it higher for
    1373             :      * random data, and lower for highly structured data.
    1374             :      */
    1375             :     Py_ssize_t min_gallop;
    1376             : 
    1377             :     /* 'a' is temp storage to help with merges.  It contains room for
    1378             :      * alloced entries.
    1379             :      */
    1380             :     PyObject **a;       /* may point to temparray below */
    1381             :     Py_ssize_t alloced;
    1382             : 
    1383             :     /* A stack of n pending runs yet to be merged.  Run #i starts at
    1384             :      * address base[i] and extends for len[i] elements.  It's always
    1385             :      * true (so long as the indices are in bounds) that
    1386             :      *
    1387             :      *     pending[i].base + pending[i].len == pending[i+1].base
    1388             :      *
    1389             :      * so we could cut the storage for this, but it's a minor amount,
    1390             :      * and keeping all the info explicit simplifies the code.
    1391             :      */
    1392             :     int n;
    1393             :     struct s_slice pending[MAX_MERGE_PENDING];
    1394             : 
    1395             :     /* 'a' points to this when possible, rather than muck with malloc. */
    1396             :     PyObject *temparray[MERGESTATE_TEMP_SIZE];
    1397             : } MergeState;
    1398             : 
    1399             : /* Conceptually a MergeState's constructor. */
    1400             : static void
    1401        2134 : merge_init(MergeState *ms, PyObject *compare)
    1402             : {
    1403             :     assert(ms != NULL);
    1404        2134 :     ms->compare = compare;
    1405        2134 :     ms->a = ms->temparray;
    1406        2134 :     ms->alloced = MERGESTATE_TEMP_SIZE;
    1407        2134 :     ms->n = 0;
    1408        2134 :     ms->min_gallop = MIN_GALLOP;
    1409        2134 : }
    1410             : 
    1411             : /* Free all the temp memory owned by the MergeState.  This must be called
    1412             :  * when you're done with a MergeState, and may be called before then if
    1413             :  * you want to free the temp memory early.
    1414             :  */
    1415             : static void
    1416        2134 : merge_freemem(MergeState *ms)
    1417             : {
    1418             :     assert(ms != NULL);
    1419        2134 :     if (ms->a != ms->temparray)
    1420           0 :         PyMem_Free(ms->a);
    1421        2134 :     ms->a = ms->temparray;
    1422        2134 :     ms->alloced = MERGESTATE_TEMP_SIZE;
    1423        2134 : }
    1424             : 
    1425             : /* Ensure enough temp memory for 'need' array slots is available.
    1426             :  * Returns 0 on success and -1 if the memory can't be gotten.
    1427             :  */
    1428             : static int
    1429           0 : merge_getmem(MergeState *ms, Py_ssize_t need)
    1430             : {
    1431             :     assert(ms != NULL);
    1432           0 :     if (need <= ms->alloced)
    1433           0 :         return 0;
    1434             :     /* Don't realloc!  That can cost cycles to copy the old data, but
    1435             :      * we don't care what's in the block.
    1436             :      */
    1437           0 :     merge_freemem(ms);
    1438           0 :     if ((size_t)need > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / sizeof(PyObject*)) {
    1439           0 :         PyErr_NoMemory();
    1440           0 :         return -1;
    1441             :     }
    1442           0 :     ms->a = (PyObject **)PyMem_Malloc(need * sizeof(PyObject*));
    1443           0 :     if (ms->a) {
    1444           0 :         ms->alloced = need;
    1445           0 :         return 0;
    1446             :     }
    1447           0 :     PyErr_NoMemory();
    1448           0 :     merge_freemem(ms);          /* reset to sane state */
    1449           0 :     return -1;
    1450             : }
    1451             : #define MERGE_GETMEM(MS, NEED) ((NEED) <= (MS)->alloced ? 0 :   \
    1452             :                                 merge_getmem(MS, NEED))
    1453             : 
    1454             : /* Merge the na elements starting at pa with the nb elements starting at pb
    1455             :  * in a stable way, in-place.  na and nb must be > 0, and pa + na == pb.
    1456             :  * Must also have that *pb < *pa, that pa[na-1] belongs at the end of the
    1457             :  * merge, and should have na <= nb.  See listsort.txt for more info.
    1458             :  * Return 0 if successful, -1 if error.
    1459             :  */
    1460             : static Py_ssize_t
    1461           6 : merge_lo(MergeState *ms, PyObject **pa, Py_ssize_t na,
    1462             :                          PyObject **pb, Py_ssize_t nb)
    1463             : {
    1464             :     Py_ssize_t k;
    1465             :     PyObject *compare;
    1466             :     PyObject **dest;
    1467           6 :     int result = -1;            /* guilty until proved innocent */
    1468             :     Py_ssize_t min_gallop;
    1469             : 
    1470             :     assert(ms && pa && pb && na > 0 && nb > 0 && pa + na == pb);
    1471           6 :     if (MERGE_GETMEM(ms, na) < 0)
    1472           0 :         return -1;
    1473           6 :     memcpy(ms->a, pa, na * sizeof(PyObject*));
    1474           6 :     dest = pa;
    1475           6 :     pa = ms->a;
    1476             : 
    1477           6 :     *dest++ = *pb++;
    1478           6 :     --nb;
    1479           6 :     if (nb == 0)
    1480           0 :         goto Succeed;
    1481           6 :     if (na == 1)
    1482           0 :         goto CopyB;
    1483             : 
    1484           6 :     min_gallop = ms->min_gallop;
    1485           6 :     compare = ms->compare;
    1486             :     for (;;) {
    1487           6 :         Py_ssize_t acount = 0;          /* # of times A won in a row */
    1488           6 :         Py_ssize_t bcount = 0;          /* # of times B won in a row */
    1489             : 
    1490             :         /* Do the straightforward thing until (if ever) one run
    1491             :          * appears to win consistently.
    1492             :          */
    1493             :         for (;;) {
    1494             :             assert(na > 1 && nb > 0);
    1495         366 :             k = ISLT(*pb, *pa, compare);
    1496         366 :             if (k) {
    1497         186 :                 if (k < 0)
    1498           0 :                     goto Fail;
    1499         186 :                 *dest++ = *pb++;
    1500         186 :                 ++bcount;
    1501         186 :                 acount = 0;
    1502         186 :                 --nb;
    1503         186 :                 if (nb == 0)
    1504           6 :                     goto Succeed;
    1505         180 :                 if (bcount >= min_gallop)
    1506           0 :                     break;
    1507             :             }
    1508             :             else {
    1509         180 :                 *dest++ = *pa++;
    1510         180 :                 ++acount;
    1511         180 :                 bcount = 0;
    1512         180 :                 --na;
    1513         180 :                 if (na == 1)
    1514           0 :                     goto CopyB;
    1515         180 :                 if (acount >= min_gallop)
    1516           0 :                     break;
    1517             :             }
    1518         360 :         }
    1519             : 
    1520             :         /* One run is winning so consistently that galloping may
    1521             :          * be a huge win.  So try that, and continue galloping until
    1522             :          * (if ever) neither run appears to be winning consistently
    1523             :          * anymore.
    1524             :          */
    1525           0 :         ++min_gallop;
    1526             :         do {
    1527             :             assert(na > 1 && nb > 0);
    1528           0 :             min_gallop -= min_gallop > 1;
    1529           0 :             ms->min_gallop = min_gallop;
    1530           0 :             k = gallop_right(*pb, pa, na, 0, compare);
    1531           0 :             acount = k;
    1532           0 :             if (k) {
    1533           0 :                 if (k < 0)
    1534           0 :                     goto Fail;
    1535           0 :                 memcpy(dest, pa, k * sizeof(PyObject *));
    1536           0 :                 dest += k;
    1537           0 :                 pa += k;
    1538           0 :                 na -= k;
    1539           0 :                 if (na == 1)
    1540           0 :                     goto CopyB;
    1541             :                 /* na==0 is impossible now if the comparison
    1542             :                  * function is consistent, but we can't assume
    1543             :                  * that it is.
    1544             :                  */
    1545           0 :                 if (na == 0)
    1546           0 :                     goto Succeed;
    1547             :             }
    1548           0 :             *dest++ = *pb++;
    1549           0 :             --nb;
    1550           0 :             if (nb == 0)
    1551           0 :                 goto Succeed;
    1552             : 
    1553           0 :             k = gallop_left(*pa, pb, nb, 0, compare);
    1554           0 :             bcount = k;
    1555           0 :             if (k) {
    1556           0 :                 if (k < 0)
    1557           0 :                     goto Fail;
    1558           0 :                 memmove(dest, pb, k * sizeof(PyObject *));
    1559           0 :                 dest += k;
    1560           0 :                 pb += k;
    1561           0 :                 nb -= k;
    1562           0 :                 if (nb == 0)
    1563           0 :                     goto Succeed;
    1564             :             }
    1565           0 :             *dest++ = *pa++;
    1566           0 :             --na;
    1567           0 :             if (na == 1)
    1568           0 :                 goto CopyB;
    1569           0 :         } while (acount >= MIN_GALLOP || bcount >= MIN_GALLOP);
    1570           0 :         ++min_gallop;           /* penalize it for leaving galloping mode */
    1571           0 :         ms->min_gallop = min_gallop;
    1572           0 :     }
    1573             : Succeed:
    1574           6 :     result = 0;
    1575             : Fail:
    1576           6 :     if (na)
    1577           6 :         memcpy(dest, pa, na * sizeof(PyObject*));
    1578           6 :     return result;
    1579             : CopyB:
    1580             :     assert(na == 1 && nb > 0);
    1581             :     /* The last element of pa belongs at the end of the merge. */
    1582           0 :     memmove(dest, pb, nb * sizeof(PyObject *));
    1583           0 :     dest[nb] = *pa;
    1584           0 :     return 0;
    1585             : }
    1586             : 
    1587             : /* Merge the na elements starting at pa with the nb elements starting at pb
    1588             :  * in a stable way, in-place.  na and nb must be > 0, and pa + na == pb.
    1589             :  * Must also have that *pb < *pa, that pa[na-1] belongs at the end of the
    1590             :  * merge, and should have na >= nb.  See listsort.txt for more info.
    1591             :  * Return 0 if successful, -1 if error.
    1592             :  */
    1593             : static Py_ssize_t
    1594          12 : merge_hi(MergeState *ms, PyObject **pa, Py_ssize_t na, PyObject **pb, Py_ssize_t nb)
    1595             : {
    1596             :     Py_ssize_t k;
    1597             :     PyObject *compare;
    1598             :     PyObject **dest;
    1599          12 :     int result = -1;            /* guilty until proved innocent */
    1600             :     PyObject **basea;
    1601             :     PyObject **baseb;
    1602             :     Py_ssize_t min_gallop;
    1603             : 
    1604             :     assert(ms && pa && pb && na > 0 && nb > 0 && pa + na == pb);
    1605          12 :     if (MERGE_GETMEM(ms, nb) < 0)
    1606           0 :         return -1;
    1607          12 :     dest = pb + nb - 1;
    1608          12 :     memcpy(ms->a, pb, nb * sizeof(PyObject*));
    1609          12 :     basea = pa;
    1610          12 :     baseb = ms->a;
    1611          12 :     pb = ms->a + nb - 1;
    1612          12 :     pa += na - 1;
    1613             : 
    1614          12 :     *dest-- = *pa--;
    1615          12 :     --na;
    1616          12 :     if (na == 0)
    1617           0 :         goto Succeed;
    1618          12 :     if (nb == 1)
    1619           0 :         goto CopyA;
    1620             : 
    1621          12 :     min_gallop = ms->min_gallop;
    1622          12 :     compare = ms->compare;
    1623             :     for (;;) {
    1624          18 :         Py_ssize_t acount = 0;          /* # of times A won in a row */
    1625          18 :         Py_ssize_t bcount = 0;          /* # of times B won in a row */
    1626             : 
    1627             :         /* Do the straightforward thing until (if ever) one run
    1628             :          * appears to win consistently.
    1629             :          */
    1630             :         for (;;) {
    1631             :             assert(na > 0 && nb > 1);
    1632        1092 :             k = ISLT(*pb, *pa, compare);
    1633        1092 :             if (k) {
    1634         564 :                 if (k < 0)
    1635           0 :                     goto Fail;
    1636         564 :                 *dest-- = *pa--;
    1637         564 :                 ++acount;
    1638         564 :                 bcount = 0;
    1639         564 :                 --na;
    1640         564 :                 if (na == 0)
    1641           6 :                     goto Succeed;
    1642         558 :                 if (acount >= min_gallop)
    1643           6 :                     break;
    1644             :             }
    1645             :             else {
    1646         528 :                 *dest-- = *pb--;
    1647         528 :                 ++bcount;
    1648         528 :                 acount = 0;
    1649         528 :                 --nb;
    1650         528 :                 if (nb == 1)
    1651           6 :                     goto CopyA;
    1652         522 :                 if (bcount >= min_gallop)
    1653           0 :                     break;
    1654             :             }
    1655        1074 :         }
    1656             : 
    1657             :         /* One run is winning so consistently that galloping may
    1658             :          * be a huge win.  So try that, and continue galloping until
    1659             :          * (if ever) neither run appears to be winning consistently
    1660             :          * anymore.
    1661             :          */
    1662           6 :         ++min_gallop;
    1663             :         do {
    1664             :             assert(na > 0 && nb > 1);
    1665           6 :             min_gallop -= min_gallop > 1;
    1666           6 :             ms->min_gallop = min_gallop;
    1667           6 :             k = gallop_right(*pb, basea, na, na-1, compare);
    1668           6 :             if (k < 0)
    1669           0 :                 goto Fail;
    1670           6 :             k = na - k;
    1671           6 :             acount = k;
    1672           6 :             if (k) {
    1673           0 :                 dest -= k;
    1674           0 :                 pa -= k;
    1675           0 :                 memmove(dest+1, pa+1, k * sizeof(PyObject *));
    1676           0 :                 na -= k;
    1677           0 :                 if (na == 0)
    1678           0 :                     goto Succeed;
    1679             :             }
    1680           6 :             *dest-- = *pb--;
    1681           6 :             --nb;
    1682           6 :             if (nb == 1)
    1683           0 :                 goto CopyA;
    1684             : 
    1685           6 :             k = gallop_left(*pa, baseb, nb, nb-1, compare);
    1686           6 :             if (k < 0)
    1687           0 :                 goto Fail;
    1688           6 :             k = nb - k;
    1689           6 :             bcount = k;
    1690           6 :             if (k) {
    1691           6 :                 dest -= k;
    1692           6 :                 pb -= k;
    1693           6 :                 memcpy(dest+1, pb+1, k * sizeof(PyObject *));
    1694           6 :                 nb -= k;
    1695           6 :                 if (nb == 1)
    1696           0 :                     goto CopyA;
    1697             :                 /* nb==0 is impossible now if the comparison
    1698             :                  * function is consistent, but we can't assume
    1699             :                  * that it is.
    1700             :                  */
    1701           6 :                 if (nb == 0)
    1702           0 :                     goto Succeed;
    1703             :             }
    1704           6 :             *dest-- = *pa--;
    1705           6 :             --na;
    1706           6 :             if (na == 0)
    1707           0 :                 goto Succeed;
    1708           6 :         } while (acount >= MIN_GALLOP || bcount >= MIN_GALLOP);
    1709           6 :         ++min_gallop;           /* penalize it for leaving galloping mode */
    1710           6 :         ms->min_gallop = min_gallop;
    1711           6 :     }
    1712             : Succeed:
    1713           6 :     result = 0;
    1714             : Fail:
    1715           6 :     if (nb)
    1716           6 :         memcpy(dest-(nb-1), baseb, nb * sizeof(PyObject*));
    1717           6 :     return result;
    1718             : CopyA:
    1719             :     assert(nb == 1 && na > 0);
    1720             :     /* The first element of pb belongs at the front of the merge. */
    1721           6 :     dest -= na;
    1722           6 :     pa -= na;
    1723           6 :     memmove(dest+1, pa+1, na * sizeof(PyObject *));
    1724           6 :     *dest = *pb;
    1725           6 :     return 0;
    1726             : }
    1727             : 
    1728             : /* Merge the two runs at stack indices i and i+1.
    1729             :  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.
    1730             :  */
    1731             : static Py_ssize_t
    1732          18 : merge_at(MergeState *ms, Py_ssize_t i)
    1733             : {
    1734             :     PyObject **pa, **pb;
    1735             :     Py_ssize_t na, nb;
    1736             :     Py_ssize_t k;
    1737             :     PyObject *compare;
    1738             : 
    1739             :     assert(ms != NULL);
    1740             :     assert(ms->n >= 2);
    1741             :     assert(i >= 0);
    1742             :     assert(i == ms->n - 2 || i == ms->n - 3);
    1743             : 
    1744          18 :     pa = ms->pending[i].base;
    1745          18 :     na = ms->pending[i].len;
    1746          18 :     pb = ms->pending[i+1].base;
    1747          18 :     nb = ms->pending[i+1].len;
    1748             :     assert(na > 0 && nb > 0);
    1749             :     assert(pa + na == pb);
    1750             : 
    1751             :     /* Record the length of the combined runs; if i is the 3rd-last
    1752             :      * run now, also slide over the last run (which isn't involved
    1753             :      * in this merge).  The current run i+1 goes away in any case.
    1754             :      */
    1755          18 :     ms->pending[i].len = na + nb;
    1756          18 :     if (i == ms->n - 3)
    1757           0 :         ms->pending[i+1] = ms->pending[i+2];
    1758          18 :     --ms->n;
    1759             : 
    1760             :     /* Where does b start in a?  Elements in a before that can be
    1761             :      * ignored (already in place).
    1762             :      */
    1763          18 :     compare = ms->compare;
    1764          18 :     k = gallop_right(*pb, pa, na, 0, compare);
    1765          18 :     if (k < 0)
    1766           0 :         return -1;
    1767          18 :     pa += k;
    1768          18 :     na -= k;
    1769          18 :     if (na == 0)
    1770           0 :         return 0;
    1771             : 
    1772             :     /* Where does a end in b?  Elements in b after that can be
    1773             :      * ignored (already in place).
    1774             :      */
    1775          18 :     nb = gallop_left(pa[na-1], pb, nb, nb-1, compare);
    1776          18 :     if (nb <= 0)
    1777           0 :         return nb;
    1778             : 
    1779             :     /* Merge what remains of the runs, using a temp array with
    1780             :      * min(na, nb) elements.
    1781             :      */
    1782          18 :     if (na <= nb)
    1783           6 :         return merge_lo(ms, pa, na, pb, nb);
    1784             :     else
    1785          12 :         return merge_hi(ms, pa, na, pb, nb);
    1786             : }
    1787             : 
    1788             : /* Examine the stack of runs waiting to be merged, merging adjacent runs
    1789             :  * until the stack invariants are re-established:
    1790             :  *
    1791             :  * 1. len[-3] > len[-2] + len[-1]
    1792             :  * 2. len[-2] > len[-1]
    1793             :  *
    1794             :  * See listsort.txt for more info.
    1795             :  *
    1796             :  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.
    1797             :  */
    1798             : static int
    1799        1804 : merge_collapse(MergeState *ms)
    1800             : {
    1801        1804 :     struct s_slice *p = ms->pending;
    1802             : 
    1803             :     assert(ms);
    1804        3611 :     while (ms->n > 1) {
    1805          18 :         Py_ssize_t n = ms->n - 2;
    1806          18 :         if ((n > 0 && p[n-1].len <= p[n].len + p[n+1].len) ||
    1807           0 :             (n > 1 && p[n-2].len <= p[n-1].len + p[n].len)) {
    1808           0 :             if (p[n-1].len < p[n+1].len)
    1809           0 :                 --n;
    1810           0 :             if (merge_at(ms, n) < 0)
    1811           0 :                 return -1;
    1812             :         }
    1813          18 :         else if (p[n].len <= p[n+1].len) {
    1814           3 :                  if (merge_at(ms, n) < 0)
    1815           0 :                         return -1;
    1816             :         }
    1817             :         else
    1818          15 :             break;
    1819             :     }
    1820        1804 :     return 0;
    1821             : }
    1822             : 
    1823             : /* Regardless of invariants, merge all runs on the stack until only one
    1824             :  * remains.  This is used at the end of the mergesort.
    1825             :  *
    1826             :  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.
    1827             :  */
    1828             : static int
    1829        1786 : merge_force_collapse(MergeState *ms)
    1830             : {
    1831        1786 :     struct s_slice *p = ms->pending;
    1832             : 
    1833             :     assert(ms);
    1834        3587 :     while (ms->n > 1) {
    1835          15 :         Py_ssize_t n = ms->n - 2;
    1836          15 :         if (n > 0 && p[n-1].len < p[n+1].len)
    1837           0 :             --n;
    1838          15 :         if (merge_at(ms, n) < 0)
    1839           0 :             return -1;
    1840             :     }
    1841        1786 :     return 0;
    1842             : }
    1843             : 
    1844             : /* Compute a good value for the minimum run length; natural runs shorter
    1845             :  * than this are boosted artificially via binary insertion.
    1846             :  *
    1847             :  * If n < 64, return n (it's too small to bother with fancy stuff).
    1848             :  * Else if n is an exact power of 2, return 32.
    1849             :  * Else return an int k, 32 <= k <= 64, such that n/k is close to, but
    1850             :  * strictly less than, an exact power of 2.
    1851             :  *
    1852             :  * See listsort.txt for more info.
    1853             :  */
    1854             : static Py_ssize_t
    1855        1786 : merge_compute_minrun(Py_ssize_t n)
    1856             : {
    1857        1786 :     Py_ssize_t r = 0;           /* becomes 1 if any 1 bits are shifted off */
    1858             : 
    1859             :     assert(n >= 0);
    1860        3587 :     while (n >= 64) {
    1861          15 :         r |= n & 1;
    1862          15 :         n >>= 1;
    1863             :     }
    1864        1786 :     return n + r;
    1865             : }
    1866             : 
    1867             : /* Special wrapper to support stable sorting using the decorate-sort-undecorate
    1868             :    pattern.  Holds a key which is used for comparisons and the original record
    1869             :    which is returned during the undecorate phase.  By exposing only the key
    1870             :    during comparisons, the underlying sort stability characteristics are left
    1871             :    unchanged.  Also, if a custom comparison function is used, it will only see
    1872             :    the key instead of a full record. */
    1873             : 
    1874             : typedef struct {
    1875             :     PyObject_HEAD
    1876             :     PyObject *key;
    1877             :     PyObject *value;
    1878             : } sortwrapperobject;
    1879             : 
    1880             : PyDoc_STRVAR(sortwrapper_doc, "Object wrapper with a custom sort key.");
    1881             : static PyObject *
    1882             : sortwrapper_richcompare(sortwrapperobject *, sortwrapperobject *, int);
    1883             : static void
    1884             : sortwrapper_dealloc(sortwrapperobject *);
    1885             : 
    1886             : static PyTypeObject sortwrapper_type = {
    1887             :     PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
    1888             :     "sortwrapper",                              /* tp_name */
    1889             :     sizeof(sortwrapperobject),                  /* tp_basicsize */
    1890             :     0,                                          /* tp_itemsize */
    1891             :     /* methods */
    1892             :     (destructor)sortwrapper_dealloc,            /* tp_dealloc */
    1893             :     0,                                          /* tp_print */
    1894             :     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
    1895             :     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
    1896             :     0,                                          /* tp_compare */
    1897             :     0,                                          /* tp_repr */
    1898             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
    1899             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
    1900             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
    1901             :     0,                                          /* tp_hash */
    1902             :     0,                                          /* tp_call */
    1903             :     0,                                          /* tp_str */
    1904             :     PyObject_GenericGetAttr,                    /* tp_getattro */
    1905             :     0,                                          /* tp_setattro */
    1906             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
    1907             :     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT |
    1908             :     Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_RICHCOMPARE,                /* tp_flags */
    1909             :     sortwrapper_doc,                            /* tp_doc */
    1910             :     0,                                          /* tp_traverse */
    1911             :     0,                                          /* tp_clear */
    1912             :     (richcmpfunc)sortwrapper_richcompare,       /* tp_richcompare */
    1913             : };
    1914             : 
    1915             : 
    1916             : static PyObject *
    1917           0 : sortwrapper_richcompare(sortwrapperobject *a, sortwrapperobject *b, int op)
    1918             : {
    1919           0 :     if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(b, &sortwrapper_type)) {
    1920           0 :         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
    1921             :             "expected a sortwrapperobject");
    1922           0 :         return NULL;
    1923             :     }
    1924           0 :     return PyObject_RichCompare(a->key, b->key, op);
    1925             : }
    1926             : 
    1927             : static void
    1928           0 : sortwrapper_dealloc(sortwrapperobject *so)
    1929             : {
    1930           0 :     Py_XDECREF(so->key);
    1931           0 :     Py_XDECREF(so->value);
    1932           0 :     PyObject_Del(so);
    1933           0 : }
    1934             : 
    1935             : /* Returns a new reference to a sortwrapper.
    1936             :    Consumes the references to the two underlying objects. */
    1937             : 
    1938             : static PyObject *
    1939           0 : build_sortwrapper(PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
    1940             : {
    1941             :     sortwrapperobject *so;
    1942             : 
    1943           0 :     so = PyObject_New(sortwrapperobject, &sortwrapper_type);
    1944           0 :     if (so == NULL)
    1945           0 :         return NULL;
    1946           0 :     so->key = key;
    1947           0 :     so->value = value;
    1948           0 :     return (PyObject *)so;
    1949             : }
    1950             : 
    1951             : /* Returns a new reference to the value underlying the wrapper. */
    1952             : static PyObject *
    1953           0 : sortwrapper_getvalue(PyObject *so)
    1954             : {
    1955             :     PyObject *value;
    1956             : 
    1957           0 :     if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(so, &sortwrapper_type)) {
    1958           0 :         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
    1959             :             "expected a sortwrapperobject");
    1960           0 :         return NULL;
    1961             :     }
    1962           0 :     value = ((sortwrapperobject *)so)->value;
    1963           0 :     Py_INCREF(value);
    1964           0 :     return value;
    1965             : }
    1966             : 
    1967             : /* Wrapper for user specified cmp functions in combination with a
    1968             :    specified key function.  Makes sure the cmp function is presented
    1969             :    with the actual key instead of the sortwrapper */
    1970             : 
    1971             : typedef struct {
    1972             :     PyObject_HEAD
    1973             :     PyObject *func;
    1974             : } cmpwrapperobject;
    1975             : 
    1976             : static void
    1977           0 : cmpwrapper_dealloc(cmpwrapperobject *co)
    1978             : {
    1979           0 :     Py_XDECREF(co->func);
    1980           0 :     PyObject_Del(co);
    1981           0 : }
    1982             : 
    1983             : static PyObject *
    1984           0 : cmpwrapper_call(cmpwrapperobject *co, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
    1985             : {
    1986             :     PyObject *x, *y, *xx, *yy;
    1987             : 
    1988           0 :     if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "", 2, 2, &x, &y))
    1989           0 :         return NULL;
    1990           0 :     if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(x, &sortwrapper_type) ||
    1991           0 :         !PyObject_TypeCheck(y, &sortwrapper_type)) {
    1992           0 :         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
    1993             :             "expected a sortwrapperobject");
    1994           0 :         return NULL;
    1995             :     }
    1996           0 :     xx = ((sortwrapperobject *)x)->key;
    1997           0 :     yy = ((sortwrapperobject *)y)->key;
    1998           0 :     return PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(co->func, xx, yy, NULL);
    1999             : }
    2000             : 
    2001             : PyDoc_STRVAR(cmpwrapper_doc, "cmp() wrapper for sort with custom keys.");
    2002             : 
    2003             : static PyTypeObject cmpwrapper_type = {
    2004             :     PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
    2005             :     "cmpwrapper",                               /* tp_name */
    2006             :     sizeof(cmpwrapperobject),                   /* tp_basicsize */
    2007             :     0,                                          /* tp_itemsize */
    2008             :     /* methods */
    2009             :     (destructor)cmpwrapper_dealloc,             /* tp_dealloc */
    2010             :     0,                                          /* tp_print */
    2011             :     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
    2012             :     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
    2013             :     0,                                          /* tp_compare */
    2014             :     0,                                          /* tp_repr */
    2015             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
    2016             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
    2017             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
    2018             :     0,                                          /* tp_hash */
    2019             :     (ternaryfunc)cmpwrapper_call,               /* tp_call */
    2020             :     0,                                          /* tp_str */
    2021             :     PyObject_GenericGetAttr,                    /* tp_getattro */
    2022             :     0,                                          /* tp_setattro */
    2023             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
    2024             :     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                         /* tp_flags */
    2025             :     cmpwrapper_doc,                             /* tp_doc */
    2026             : };
    2027             : 
    2028             : static PyObject *
    2029           0 : build_cmpwrapper(PyObject *cmpfunc)
    2030             : {
    2031             :     cmpwrapperobject *co;
    2032             : 
    2033           0 :     co = PyObject_New(cmpwrapperobject, &cmpwrapper_type);
    2034           0 :     if (co == NULL)
    2035           0 :         return NULL;
    2036           0 :     Py_INCREF(cmpfunc);
    2037           0 :     co->func = cmpfunc;
    2038           0 :     return (PyObject *)co;
    2039             : }
    2040             : 
    2041             : /* An adaptive, stable, natural mergesort.  See listsort.txt.
    2042             :  * Returns Py_None on success, NULL on error.  Even in case of error, the
    2043             :  * list will be some permutation of its input state (nothing is lost or
    2044             :  * duplicated).
    2045             :  */
    2046             : static PyObject *
    2047        2134 : listsort(PyListObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
    2048             : {
    2049             :     MergeState ms;
    2050             :     PyObject **lo, **hi;
    2051             :     Py_ssize_t nremaining;
    2052             :     Py_ssize_t minrun;
    2053             :     Py_ssize_t saved_ob_size, saved_allocated;
    2054             :     PyObject **saved_ob_item;
    2055             :     PyObject **final_ob_item;
    2056        2134 :     PyObject *compare = NULL;
    2057        2134 :     PyObject *result = NULL;            /* guilty until proved innocent */
    2058        2134 :     int reverse = 0;
    2059        2134 :     PyObject *keyfunc = NULL;
    2060             :     Py_ssize_t i;
    2061             :     PyObject *key, *value, *kvpair;
    2062             :     static char *kwlist[] = {"cmp", "key", "reverse", 0};
    2063             : 
    2064             :     assert(self != NULL);
    2065             :     assert (PyList_Check(self));
    2066        2134 :     if (args != NULL) {
    2067           3 :         if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "|OOi:sort",
    2068             :             kwlist, &compare, &keyfunc, &reverse))
    2069           0 :             return NULL;
    2070             :     }
    2071        2134 :     if (compare == Py_None)
    2072           0 :         compare = NULL;
    2073        2134 :     if (compare != NULL &&
    2074           0 :         PyErr_WarnPy3k("the cmp argument is not supported in 3.x", 1) < 0)
    2075           0 :         return NULL;
    2076        2134 :     if (keyfunc == Py_None)
    2077           0 :         keyfunc = NULL;
    2078        2134 :     if (compare != NULL && keyfunc != NULL) {
    2079           0 :         compare = build_cmpwrapper(compare);
    2080           0 :         if (compare == NULL)
    2081           0 :             return NULL;
    2082             :     } else
    2083        2134 :         Py_XINCREF(compare);
    2084             : 
    2085             :     /* The list is temporarily made empty, so that mutations performed
    2086             :      * by comparison functions can't affect the slice of memory we're
    2087             :      * sorting (allowing mutations during sorting is a core-dump
    2088             :      * factory, since ob_item may change).
    2089             :      */
    2090        2134 :     saved_ob_size = Py_SIZE(self);
    2091        2134 :     saved_ob_item = self->ob_item;
    2092        2134 :     saved_allocated = self->allocated;
    2093        2134 :     Py_SIZE(self) = 0;
    2094        2134 :     self->ob_item = NULL;
    2095        2134 :     self->allocated = -1; /* any operation will reset it to >= 0 */
    2096             : 
    2097        2134 :     if (keyfunc != NULL) {
    2098           0 :         for (i=0 ; i < saved_ob_size ; i++) {
    2099           0 :             value = saved_ob_item[i];
    2100           0 :             key = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(keyfunc, value,
    2101             :                                                NULL);
    2102           0 :             if (key == NULL) {
    2103           0 :                 for (i=i-1 ; i>=0 ; i--) {
    2104           0 :                     kvpair = saved_ob_item[i];
    2105           0 :                     value = sortwrapper_getvalue(kvpair);
    2106           0 :                     saved_ob_item[i] = value;
    2107           0 :                     Py_DECREF(kvpair);
    2108             :                 }
    2109           0 :                 goto dsu_fail;
    2110             :             }
    2111           0 :             kvpair = build_sortwrapper(key, value);
    2112           0 :             if (kvpair == NULL)
    2113           0 :                 goto dsu_fail;
    2114           0 :             saved_ob_item[i] = kvpair;
    2115             :         }
    2116             :     }
    2117             : 
    2118             :     /* Reverse sort stability achieved by initially reversing the list,
    2119             :     applying a stable forward sort, then reversing the final result. */
    2120        2134 :     if (reverse && saved_ob_size > 1)
    2121           0 :         reverse_slice(saved_ob_item, saved_ob_item + saved_ob_size);
    2122             : 
    2123        2134 :     merge_init(&ms, compare);
    2124             : 
    2125        2134 :     nremaining = saved_ob_size;
    2126        2134 :     if (nremaining < 2)
    2127         348 :         goto succeed;
    2128             : 
    2129             :     /* March over the array once, left to right, finding natural runs,
    2130             :      * and extending short natural runs to minrun elements.
    2131             :      */
    2132        1786 :     lo = saved_ob_item;
    2133        1786 :     hi = lo + nremaining;
    2134        1786 :     minrun = merge_compute_minrun(nremaining);
    2135             :     do {
    2136             :         int descending;
    2137             :         Py_ssize_t n;
    2138             : 
    2139             :         /* Identify next run. */
    2140        1804 :         n = count_run(lo, hi, compare, &descending);
    2141        1804 :         if (n < 0)
    2142           0 :             goto fail;
    2143        1804 :         if (descending)
    2144         803 :             reverse_slice(lo, lo + n);
    2145             :         /* If short, extend to min(minrun, nremaining). */
    2146        1804 :         if (n < minrun) {
    2147        1344 :             const Py_ssize_t force = nremaining <= minrun ?
    2148             :                               nremaining : minrun;
    2149        1344 :             if (binarysort(lo, lo + force, lo + n, compare) < 0)
    2150           0 :                 goto fail;
    2151        1344 :             n = force;
    2152             :         }
    2153             :         /* Push run onto pending-runs stack, and maybe merge. */
    2154             :         assert(ms.n < MAX_MERGE_PENDING);
    2155        1804 :         ms.pending[ms.n].base = lo;
    2156        1804 :         ms.pending[ms.n].len = n;
    2157        1804 :         ++ms.n;
    2158        1804 :         if (merge_collapse(&ms) < 0)
    2159           0 :             goto fail;
    2160             :         /* Advance to find next run. */
    2161        1804 :         lo += n;
    2162        1804 :         nremaining -= n;
    2163        1804 :     } while (nremaining);
    2164             :     assert(lo == hi);
    2165             : 
    2166        1786 :     if (merge_force_collapse(&ms) < 0)
    2167           0 :         goto fail;
    2168             :     assert(ms.n == 1);
    2169             :     assert(ms.pending[0].base == saved_ob_item);
    2170             :     assert(ms.pending[0].len == saved_ob_size);
    2171             : 
    2172             : succeed:
    2173        2134 :     result = Py_None;
    2174             : fail:
    2175        2134 :     if (keyfunc != NULL) {
    2176           0 :         for (i=0 ; i < saved_ob_size ; i++) {
    2177           0 :             kvpair = saved_ob_item[i];
    2178           0 :             value = sortwrapper_getvalue(kvpair);
    2179           0 :             saved_ob_item[i] = value;
    2180           0 :             Py_DECREF(kvpair);
    2181             :         }
    2182             :     }
    2183             : 
    2184        2134 :     if (self->allocated != -1 && result != NULL) {
    2185             :         /* The user mucked with the list during the sort,
    2186             :          * and we don't already have another error to report.
    2187             :          */
    2188           0 :         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "list modified during sort");
    2189           0 :         result = NULL;
    2190             :     }
    2191             : 
    2192        2134 :     if (reverse && saved_ob_size > 1)
    2193           0 :         reverse_slice(saved_ob_item, saved_ob_item + saved_ob_size);
    2194             : 
    2195        2134 :     merge_freemem(&ms);
    2196             : 
    2197             : dsu_fail:
    2198        2134 :     final_ob_item = self->ob_item;
    2199        2134 :     i = Py_SIZE(self);
    2200        2134 :     Py_SIZE(self) = saved_ob_size;
    2201        2134 :     self->ob_item = saved_ob_item;
    2202        2134 :     self->allocated = saved_allocated;
    2203        2134 :     if (final_ob_item != NULL) {
    2204             :         /* we cannot use list_clear() for this because it does not
    2205             :            guarantee that the list is really empty when it returns */
    2206           0 :         while (--i >= 0) {
    2207           0 :             Py_XDECREF(final_ob_item[i]);
    2208             :         }
    2209           0 :         PyMem_FREE(final_ob_item);
    2210             :     }
    2211        2134 :     Py_XDECREF(compare);
    2212        2134 :     Py_XINCREF(result);
    2213        2134 :     return result;
    2214             : }
    2215             : #undef IFLT
    2216             : #undef ISLT
    2217             : 
    2218             : int
    2219        2131 : PyList_Sort(PyObject *v)
    2220             : {
    2221        2131 :     if (v == NULL || !PyList_Check(v)) {
    2222           0 :         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
    2223           0 :         return -1;
    2224             :     }
    2225        2131 :     v = listsort((PyListObject *)v, (PyObject *)NULL, (PyObject *)NULL);
    2226        2131 :     if (v == NULL)
    2227           0 :         return -1;
    2228        2131 :     Py_DECREF(v);
    2229        2131 :     return 0;
    2230             : }
    2231             : 
    2232             : static PyObject *
    2233          36 : listreverse(PyListObject *self)
    2234             : {
    2235          36 :     if (Py_SIZE(self) > 1)
    2236          18 :         reverse_slice(self->ob_item, self->ob_item + Py_SIZE(self));
    2237          36 :     Py_RETURN_NONE;
    2238             : }
    2239             : 
    2240             : int
    2241           0 : PyList_Reverse(PyObject *v)
    2242             : {
    2243           0 :     PyListObject *self = (PyListObject *)v;
    2244             : 
    2245           0 :     if (v == NULL || !PyList_Check(v)) {
    2246           0 :         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
    2247           0 :         return -1;
    2248             :     }
    2249           0 :     if (Py_SIZE(self) > 1)
    2250           0 :         reverse_slice(self->ob_item, self->ob_item + Py_SIZE(self));
    2251           0 :     return 0;
    2252             : }
    2253             : 
    2254             : PyObject *
    2255        2432 : PyList_AsTuple(PyObject *v)
    2256             : {
    2257             :     PyObject *w;
    2258             :     PyObject **p, **q;
    2259             :     Py_ssize_t n;
    2260        2432 :     if (v == NULL || !PyList_Check(v)) {
    2261           0 :         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
    2262           0 :         return NULL;
    2263             :     }
    2264        2432 :     n = Py_SIZE(v);
    2265        2432 :     w = PyTuple_New(n);
    2266        2432 :     if (w == NULL)
    2267           0 :         return NULL;
    2268        2432 :     p = ((PyTupleObject *)w)->ob_item;
    2269        2432 :     q = ((PyListObject *)v)->ob_item;
    2270       14577 :     while (--n >= 0) {
    2271        9713 :         Py_INCREF(*q);
    2272        9713 :         *p = *q;
    2273        9713 :         p++;
    2274        9713 :         q++;
    2275             :     }
    2276        2432 :     return w;
    2277             : }
    2278             : 
    2279             : static PyObject *
    2280           0 : listindex(PyListObject *self, PyObject *args)
    2281             : {
    2282           0 :     Py_ssize_t i, start=0, stop=Py_SIZE(self);
    2283             :     PyObject *v, *format_tuple, *err_string;
    2284             :     static PyObject *err_format = NULL;
    2285             : 
    2286           0 :     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|O&O&:index", &v,
    2287             :                                 _PyEval_SliceIndex, &start,
    2288             :                                 _PyEval_SliceIndex, &stop))
    2289           0 :         return NULL;
    2290           0 :     if (start < 0) {
    2291           0 :         start += Py_SIZE(self);
    2292           0 :         if (start < 0)
    2293           0 :             start = 0;
    2294             :     }
    2295           0 :     if (stop < 0) {
    2296           0 :         stop += Py_SIZE(self);
    2297           0 :         if (stop < 0)
    2298           0 :             stop = 0;
    2299             :     }
    2300           0 :     for (i = start; i < stop && i < Py_SIZE(self); i++) {
    2301           0 :         int cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(self->ob_item[i], v, Py_EQ);
    2302           0 :         if (cmp > 0)
    2303           0 :             return PyInt_FromSsize_t(i);
    2304           0 :         else if (cmp < 0)
    2305           0 :             return NULL;
    2306             :     }
    2307           0 :     if (err_format == NULL) {
    2308           0 :         err_format = PyString_FromString("%r is not in list");
    2309           0 :         if (err_format == NULL)
    2310           0 :             return NULL;
    2311             :     }
    2312           0 :     format_tuple = PyTuple_Pack(1, v);
    2313           0 :     if (format_tuple == NULL)
    2314           0 :         return NULL;
    2315           0 :     err_string = PyString_Format(err_format, format_tuple);
    2316           0 :     Py_DECREF(format_tuple);
    2317           0 :     if (err_string == NULL)
    2318           0 :         return NULL;
    2319           0 :     PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_ValueError, err_string);
    2320           0 :     Py_DECREF(err_string);
    2321           0 :     return NULL;
    2322             : }
    2323             : 
    2324             : static PyObject *
    2325           0 : listcount(PyListObject *self, PyObject *v)
    2326             : {
    2327           0 :     Py_ssize_t count = 0;
    2328             :     Py_ssize_t i;
    2329             : 
    2330           0 :     for (i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(self); i++) {
    2331           0 :         int cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(self->ob_item[i], v, Py_EQ);
    2332           0 :         if (cmp > 0)
    2333           0 :             count++;
    2334           0 :         else if (cmp < 0)
    2335           0 :             return NULL;
    2336             :     }
    2337           0 :     return PyInt_FromSsize_t(count);
    2338             : }
    2339             : 
    2340             : static PyObject *
    2341         183 : listremove(PyListObject *self, PyObject *v)
    2342             : {
    2343             :     Py_ssize_t i;
    2344             : 
    2345         420 :     for (i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(self); i++) {
    2346         420 :         int cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(self->ob_item[i], v, Py_EQ);
    2347         420 :         if (cmp > 0) {
    2348         183 :             if (list_ass_slice(self, i, i+1,
    2349             :                                (PyObject *)NULL) == 0)
    2350         183 :                 Py_RETURN_NONE;
    2351           0 :             return NULL;
    2352             :         }
    2353         237 :         else if (cmp < 0)
    2354           0 :             return NULL;
    2355             :     }
    2356           0 :     PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "list.remove(x): x not in list");
    2357           0 :     return NULL;
    2358             : }
    2359             : 
    2360             : static int
    2361       12479 : list_traverse(PyListObject *o, visitproc visit, void *arg)
    2362             : {
    2363             :     Py_ssize_t i;
    2364             : 
    2365      107288 :     for (i = Py_SIZE(o); --i >= 0; )
    2366       82330 :         Py_VISIT(o->ob_item[i]);
    2367       12479 :     return 0;
    2368             : }
    2369             : 
    2370             : static PyObject *
    2371         513 : list_richcompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
    2372             : {
    2373             :     PyListObject *vl, *wl;
    2374             :     Py_ssize_t i;
    2375             : 
    2376         513 :     if (!PyList_Check(v) || !PyList_Check(w)) {
    2377           0 :         Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented);
    2378           0 :         return Py_NotImplemented;
    2379             :     }
    2380             : 
    2381         513 :     vl = (PyListObject *)v;
    2382         513 :     wl = (PyListObject *)w;
    2383             : 
    2384         513 :     if (Py_SIZE(vl) != Py_SIZE(wl) && (op == Py_EQ || op == Py_NE)) {
    2385             :         /* Shortcut: if the lengths differ, the lists differ */
    2386             :         PyObject *res;
    2387         504 :         if (op == Py_EQ)
    2388           3 :             res = Py_False;
    2389             :         else
    2390         501 :             res = Py_True;
    2391         504 :         Py_INCREF(res);
    2392         504 :         return res;
    2393             :     }
    2394             : 
    2395             :     /* Search for the first index where items are different */
    2396           9 :     for (i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(vl) && i < Py_SIZE(wl); i++) {
    2397           3 :         int k = PyObject_RichCompareBool(vl->ob_item[i],
    2398           3 :                                          wl->ob_item[i], Py_EQ);
    2399           3 :         if (k < 0)
    2400           0 :             return NULL;
    2401           3 :         if (!k)
    2402           3 :             break;
    2403             :     }
    2404             : 
    2405           9 :     if (i >= Py_SIZE(vl) || i >= Py_SIZE(wl)) {
    2406             :         /* No more items to compare -- compare sizes */
    2407           6 :         Py_ssize_t vs = Py_SIZE(vl);
    2408           6 :         Py_ssize_t ws = Py_SIZE(wl);
    2409             :         int cmp;
    2410             :         PyObject *res;
    2411           6 :         switch (op) {
    2412           0 :         case Py_LT: cmp = vs <  ws; break;
    2413           0 :         case Py_LE: cmp = vs <= ws; break;
    2414           0 :         case Py_EQ: cmp = vs == ws; break;
    2415           6 :         case Py_NE: cmp = vs != ws; break;
    2416           0 :         case Py_GT: cmp = vs >  ws; break;
    2417           0 :         case Py_GE: cmp = vs >= ws; break;
    2418           0 :         default: return NULL; /* cannot happen */
    2419             :         }
    2420           6 :         if (cmp)
    2421           0 :             res = Py_True;
    2422             :         else
    2423           6 :             res = Py_False;
    2424           6 :         Py_INCREF(res);
    2425           6 :         return res;
    2426             :     }
    2427             : 
    2428             :     /* We have an item that differs -- shortcuts for EQ/NE */
    2429           3 :     if (op == Py_EQ) {
    2430           3 :         Py_INCREF(Py_False);
    2431           3 :         return Py_False;
    2432             :     }
    2433           0 :     if (op == Py_NE) {
    2434           0 :         Py_INCREF(Py_True);
    2435           0 :         return Py_True;
    2436             :     }
    2437             : 
    2438             :     /* Compare the final item again using the proper operator */
    2439           0 :     return PyObject_RichCompare(vl->ob_item[i], wl->ob_item[i], op);
    2440             : }
    2441             : 
    2442             : static int
    2443        1005 : list_init(PyListObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
    2444             : {
    2445        1005 :     PyObject *arg = NULL;
    2446             :     static char *kwlist[] = {"sequence", 0};
    2447             : 
    2448        1005 :     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kw, "|O:list", kwlist, &arg))
    2449           0 :         return -1;
    2450             : 
    2451             :     /* Verify list invariants established by PyType_GenericAlloc() */
    2452             :     assert(0 <= Py_SIZE(self));
    2453             :     assert(Py_SIZE(self) <= self->allocated || self->allocated == -1);
    2454             :     assert(self->ob_item != NULL ||
    2455             :            self->allocated == 0 || self->allocated == -1);
    2456             : 
    2457             :     /* Empty previous contents */
    2458        1005 :     if (self->ob_item != NULL) {
    2459           0 :         (void)list_clear(self);
    2460             :     }
    2461        1005 :     if (arg != NULL) {
    2462        1005 :         PyObject *rv = listextend(self, arg);
    2463        1005 :         if (rv == NULL)
    2464           0 :             return -1;
    2465        1005 :         Py_DECREF(rv);
    2466             :     }
    2467        1005 :     return 0;
    2468             : }
    2469             : 
    2470             : static PyObject *
    2471           0 : list_sizeof(PyListObject *self)
    2472             : {
    2473             :     Py_ssize_t res;
    2474             : 
    2475           0 :     res = _PyObject_SIZE(Py_TYPE(self)) + self->allocated * sizeof(void*);
    2476           0 :     return PyInt_FromSsize_t(res);
    2477             : }
    2478             : 
    2479             : static PyObject *list_iter(PyObject *seq);
    2480             : static PyObject *list_reversed(PyListObject* seq, PyObject* unused);
    2481             : 
    2482             : PyDoc_STRVAR(getitem_doc,
    2483             : "x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]");
    2484             : PyDoc_STRVAR(reversed_doc,
    2485             : "L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list");
    2486             : PyDoc_STRVAR(sizeof_doc,
    2487             : "L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes");
    2488             : PyDoc_STRVAR(append_doc,
    2489             : "L.append(object) -- append object to end");
    2490             : PyDoc_STRVAR(extend_doc,
    2491             : "L.extend(iterable) -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable");
    2492             : PyDoc_STRVAR(insert_doc,
    2493             : "L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index");
    2494             : PyDoc_STRVAR(pop_doc,
    2495             : "L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).\n"
    2496             : "Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.");
    2497             : PyDoc_STRVAR(remove_doc,
    2498             : "L.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value.\n"
    2499             : "Raises ValueError if the value is not present.");
    2500             : PyDoc_STRVAR(index_doc,
    2501             : "L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.\n"
    2502             : "Raises ValueError if the value is not present.");
    2503             : PyDoc_STRVAR(count_doc,
    2504             : "L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value");
    2505             : PyDoc_STRVAR(reverse_doc,
    2506             : "L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE*");
    2507             : PyDoc_STRVAR(sort_doc,
    2508             : "L.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) -- stable sort *IN PLACE*;\n\
    2509             : cmp(x, y) -> -1, 0, 1");
    2510             : 
    2511             : static PyObject *list_subscript(PyListObject*, PyObject*);
    2512             : 
    2513             : static PyMethodDef list_methods[] = {
    2514             :     {"__getitem__", (PyCFunction)list_subscript, METH_O|METH_COEXIST, getitem_doc},
    2515             :     {"__reversed__",(PyCFunction)list_reversed, METH_NOARGS, reversed_doc},
    2516             :     {"__sizeof__",  (PyCFunction)list_sizeof, METH_NOARGS, sizeof_doc},
    2517             :     {"append",          (PyCFunction)listappend,  METH_O, append_doc},
    2518             :     {"insert",          (PyCFunction)listinsert,  METH_VARARGS, insert_doc},
    2519             :     {"extend",      (PyCFunction)listextend,  METH_O, extend_doc},
    2520             :     {"pop",             (PyCFunction)listpop,     METH_VARARGS, pop_doc},
    2521             :     {"remove",          (PyCFunction)listremove,  METH_O, remove_doc},
    2522             :     {"index",           (PyCFunction)listindex,   METH_VARARGS, index_doc},
    2523             :     {"count",           (PyCFunction)listcount,   METH_O, count_doc},
    2524             :     {"reverse",         (PyCFunction)listreverse, METH_NOARGS, reverse_doc},
    2525             :     {"sort",            (PyCFunction)listsort,    METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, sort_doc},
    2526             :     {NULL,              NULL}           /* sentinel */
    2527             : };
    2528             : 
    2529             : static PySequenceMethods list_as_sequence = {
    2530             :     (lenfunc)list_length,                       /* sq_length */
    2531             :     (binaryfunc)list_concat,                    /* sq_concat */
    2532             :     (ssizeargfunc)list_repeat,                  /* sq_repeat */
    2533             :     (ssizeargfunc)list_item,                    /* sq_item */
    2534             :     (ssizessizeargfunc)list_slice,              /* sq_slice */
    2535             :     (ssizeobjargproc)list_ass_item,             /* sq_ass_item */
    2536             :     (ssizessizeobjargproc)list_ass_slice,       /* sq_ass_slice */
    2537             :     (objobjproc)list_contains,                  /* sq_contains */
    2538             :     (binaryfunc)list_inplace_concat,            /* sq_inplace_concat */
    2539             :     (ssizeargfunc)list_inplace_repeat,          /* sq_inplace_repeat */
    2540             : };
    2541             : 
    2542             : PyDoc_STRVAR(list_doc,
    2543             : "list() -> new empty list\n"
    2544             : "list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items");
    2545             : 
    2546             : 
    2547             : static PyObject *
    2548        1728 : list_subscript(PyListObject* self, PyObject* item)
    2549             : {
    2550        1728 :     if (PyIndex_Check(item)) {
    2551             :         Py_ssize_t i;
    2552        1158 :         i = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_IndexError);
    2553        1158 :         if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
    2554           0 :             return NULL;
    2555        1158 :         if (i < 0)
    2556           0 :             i += PyList_GET_SIZE(self);
    2557        1158 :         return list_item(self, i);
    2558             :     }
    2559         570 :     else if (PySlice_Check(item)) {
    2560             :         Py_ssize_t start, stop, step, slicelength, cur, i;
    2561             :         PyObject* result;
    2562             :         PyObject* it;
    2563             :         PyObject **src, **dest;
    2564             : 
    2565         570 :         if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx((PySliceObject*)item, Py_SIZE(self),
    2566             :                          &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength) < 0) {
    2567           0 :             return NULL;
    2568             :         }
    2569             : 
    2570         570 :         if (slicelength <= 0) {
    2571           0 :             return PyList_New(0);
    2572             :         }
    2573         570 :         else if (step == 1) {
    2574         570 :             return list_slice(self, start, stop);
    2575             :         }
    2576             :         else {
    2577           0 :             result = PyList_New(slicelength);
    2578           0 :             if (!result) return NULL;
    2579             : 
    2580           0 :             src = self->ob_item;
    2581           0 :             dest = ((PyListObject *)result)->ob_item;
    2582           0 :             for (cur = start, i = 0; i < slicelength;
    2583           0 :                  cur += step, i++) {
    2584           0 :                 it = src[cur];
    2585           0 :                 Py_INCREF(it);
    2586           0 :                 dest[i] = it;
    2587             :             }
    2588             : 
    2589           0 :             return result;
    2590             :         }
    2591             :     }
    2592             :     else {
    2593           0 :         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
    2594             :                      "list indices must be integers, not %.200s",
    2595           0 :                      item->ob_type->tp_name);
    2596           0 :         return NULL;
    2597             :     }
    2598             : }
    2599             : 
    2600             : static int
    2601        7752 : list_ass_subscript(PyListObject* self, PyObject* item, PyObject* value)
    2602             : {
    2603        7752 :     if (PyIndex_Check(item)) {
    2604        7752 :         Py_ssize_t i = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_IndexError);
    2605        7752 :         if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
    2606           0 :             return -1;
    2607        7752 :         if (i < 0)
    2608         588 :             i += PyList_GET_SIZE(self);
    2609        7752 :         return list_ass_item(self, i, value);
    2610             :     }
    2611           0 :     else if (PySlice_Check(item)) {
    2612             :         Py_ssize_t start, stop, step, slicelength;
    2613             : 
    2614           0 :         if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx((PySliceObject*)item, Py_SIZE(self),
    2615             :                          &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength) < 0) {
    2616           0 :             return -1;
    2617             :         }
    2618             : 
    2619           0 :         if (step == 1)
    2620           0 :             return list_ass_slice(self, start, stop, value);
    2621             : 
    2622             :         /* Make sure s[5:2] = [..] inserts at the right place:
    2623             :            before 5, not before 2. */
    2624           0 :         if ((step < 0 && start < stop) ||
    2625           0 :             (step > 0 && start > stop))
    2626           0 :             stop = start;
    2627             : 
    2628           0 :         if (value == NULL) {
    2629             :             /* delete slice */
    2630             :             PyObject **garbage;
    2631             :             size_t cur;
    2632             :             Py_ssize_t i;
    2633             : 
    2634           0 :             if (slicelength <= 0)
    2635           0 :                 return 0;
    2636             : 
    2637           0 :             if (step < 0) {
    2638           0 :                 stop = start + 1;
    2639           0 :                 start = stop + step*(slicelength - 1) - 1;
    2640           0 :                 step = -step;
    2641             :             }
    2642             : 
    2643             :             assert((size_t)slicelength <=
    2644             :                    PY_SIZE_MAX / sizeof(PyObject*));
    2645             : 
    2646           0 :             garbage = (PyObject**)
    2647           0 :                 PyMem_MALLOC(slicelength*sizeof(PyObject*));
    2648           0 :             if (!garbage) {
    2649           0 :                 PyErr_NoMemory();
    2650           0 :                 return -1;
    2651             :             }
    2652             : 
    2653             :             /* drawing pictures might help understand these for
    2654             :                loops. Basically, we memmove the parts of the
    2655             :                list that are *not* part of the slice: step-1
    2656             :                items for each item that is part of the slice,
    2657             :                and then tail end of the list that was not
    2658             :                covered by the slice */
    2659           0 :             for (cur = start, i = 0;
    2660           0 :                  cur < (size_t)stop;
    2661           0 :                  cur += step, i++) {
    2662           0 :                 Py_ssize_t lim = step - 1;
    2663             : 
    2664           0 :                 garbage[i] = PyList_GET_ITEM(self, cur);
    2665             : 
    2666           0 :                 if (cur + step >= (size_t)Py_SIZE(self)) {
    2667           0 :                     lim = Py_SIZE(self) - cur - 1;
    2668             :                 }
    2669             : 
    2670           0 :                 memmove(self->ob_item + cur - i,
    2671           0 :                     self->ob_item + cur + 1,
    2672             :                     lim * sizeof(PyObject *));
    2673             :             }
    2674           0 :             cur = start + slicelength*step;
    2675           0 :             if (cur < (size_t)Py_SIZE(self)) {
    2676           0 :                 memmove(self->ob_item + cur - slicelength,
    2677           0 :                     self->ob_item + cur,
    2678           0 :                     (Py_SIZE(self) - cur) *
    2679             :                      sizeof(PyObject *));
    2680             :             }
    2681             : 
    2682           0 :             Py_SIZE(self) -= slicelength;
    2683           0 :             list_resize(self, Py_SIZE(self));
    2684             : 
    2685           0 :             for (i = 0; i < slicelength; i++) {
    2686           0 :                 Py_DECREF(garbage[i]);
    2687             :             }
    2688           0 :             PyMem_FREE(garbage);
    2689             : 
    2690           0 :             return 0;
    2691             :         }
    2692             :         else {
    2693             :             /* assign slice */
    2694             :             PyObject *ins, *seq;
    2695             :             PyObject **garbage, **seqitems, **selfitems;
    2696             :             Py_ssize_t cur, i;
    2697             : 
    2698             :             /* protect against a[::-1] = a */
    2699           0 :             if (self == (PyListObject*)value) {
    2700           0 :                 seq = list_slice((PyListObject*)value, 0,
    2701             :                                    PyList_GET_SIZE(value));
    2702             :             }
    2703             :             else {
    2704           0 :                 seq = PySequence_Fast(value,
    2705             :                                       "must assign iterable "
    2706             :                                       "to extended slice");
    2707             :             }
    2708           0 :             if (!seq)
    2709           0 :                 return -1;
    2710             : 
    2711           0 :             if (PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(seq) != slicelength) {
    2712           0 :                 PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
    2713             :                     "attempt to assign sequence of "
    2714             :                     "size %zd to extended slice of "
    2715             :                     "size %zd",
    2716             :                          PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(seq),
    2717             :                          slicelength);
    2718           0 :                 Py_DECREF(seq);
    2719           0 :                 return -1;
    2720             :             }
    2721             : 
    2722           0 :             if (!slicelength) {
    2723           0 :                 Py_DECREF(seq);
    2724           0 :                 return 0;
    2725             :             }
    2726             : 
    2727           0 :             garbage = (PyObject**)
    2728           0 :                 PyMem_MALLOC(slicelength*sizeof(PyObject*));
    2729           0 :             if (!garbage) {
    2730           0 :                 Py_DECREF(seq);
    2731           0 :                 PyErr_NoMemory();
    2732           0 :                 return -1;
    2733             :             }
    2734             : 
    2735           0 :             selfitems = self->ob_item;
    2736           0 :             seqitems = PySequence_Fast_ITEMS(seq);
    2737           0 :             for (cur = start, i = 0; i < slicelength;
    2738           0 :                  cur += step, i++) {
    2739           0 :                 garbage[i] = selfitems[cur];
    2740           0 :                 ins = seqitems[i];
    2741           0 :                 Py_INCREF(ins);
    2742           0 :                 selfitems[cur] = ins;
    2743             :             }
    2744             : 
    2745           0 :             for (i = 0; i < slicelength; i++) {
    2746           0 :                 Py_DECREF(garbage[i]);
    2747             :             }
    2748             : 
    2749           0 :             PyMem_FREE(garbage);
    2750           0 :             Py_DECREF(seq);
    2751             : 
    2752           0 :             return 0;
    2753             :         }
    2754             :     }
    2755             :     else {
    2756           0 :         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
    2757             :                      "list indices must be integers, not %.200s",
    2758           0 :                      item->ob_type->tp_name);
    2759           0 :         return -1;
    2760             :     }
    2761             : }
    2762             : 
    2763             : static PyMappingMethods list_as_mapping = {
    2764             :     (lenfunc)list_length,
    2765             :     (binaryfunc)list_subscript,
    2766             :     (objobjargproc)list_ass_subscript
    2767             : };
    2768             : 
    2769             : PyTypeObject PyList_Type = {
    2770             :     PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
    2771             :     "list",
    2772             :     sizeof(PyListObject),
    2773             :     0,
    2774             :     (destructor)list_dealloc,                   /* tp_dealloc */
    2775             :     (printfunc)list_print,                      /* tp_print */
    2776             :     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
    2777             :     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
    2778             :     0,                                          /* tp_compare */
    2779             :     (reprfunc)list_repr,                        /* tp_repr */
    2780             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
    2781             :     &list_as_sequence,                          /* tp_as_sequence */
    2782             :     &list_as_mapping,                           /* tp_as_mapping */
    2783             :     (hashfunc)PyObject_HashNotImplemented,      /* tp_hash */
    2784             :     0,                                          /* tp_call */
    2785             :     0,                                          /* tp_str */
    2786             :     PyObject_GenericGetAttr,                    /* tp_getattro */
    2787             :     0,                                          /* tp_setattro */
    2788             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
    2789             :     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC |
    2790             :         Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_LIST_SUBCLASS,         /* tp_flags */
    2791             :     list_doc,                                   /* tp_doc */
    2792             :     (traverseproc)list_traverse,                /* tp_traverse */
    2793             :     (inquiry)list_clear,                        /* tp_clear */
    2794             :     list_richcompare,                           /* tp_richcompare */
    2795             :     0,                                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
    2796             :     list_iter,                                  /* tp_iter */
    2797             :     0,                                          /* tp_iternext */
    2798             :     list_methods,                               /* tp_methods */
    2799             :     0,                                          /* tp_members */
    2800             :     0,                                          /* tp_getset */
    2801             :     0,                                          /* tp_base */
    2802             :     0,                                          /* tp_dict */
    2803             :     0,                                          /* tp_descr_get */
    2804             :     0,                                          /* tp_descr_set */
    2805             :     0,                                          /* tp_dictoffset */
    2806             :     (initproc)list_init,                        /* tp_init */
    2807             :     PyType_GenericAlloc,                        /* tp_alloc */
    2808             :     PyType_GenericNew,                          /* tp_new */
    2809             :     PyObject_GC_Del,                            /* tp_free */
    2810             : };
    2811             : 
    2812             : 
    2813             : /*********************** List Iterator **************************/
    2814             : 
    2815             : typedef struct {
    2816             :     PyObject_HEAD
    2817             :     long it_index;
    2818             :     PyListObject *it_seq; /* Set to NULL when iterator is exhausted */
    2819             : } listiterobject;
    2820             : 
    2821             : static PyObject *list_iter(PyObject *);
    2822             : static void listiter_dealloc(listiterobject *);
    2823             : static int listiter_traverse(listiterobject *, visitproc, void *);
    2824             : static PyObject *listiter_next(listiterobject *);
    2825             : static PyObject *listiter_len(listiterobject *);
    2826             : 
    2827             : PyDoc_STRVAR(length_hint_doc, "Private method returning an estimate of len(list(it)).");
    2828             : 
    2829             : static PyMethodDef listiter_methods[] = {
    2830             :     {"__length_hint__", (PyCFunction)listiter_len, METH_NOARGS, length_hint_doc},
    2831             :     {NULL,              NULL}           /* sentinel */
    2832             : };
    2833             : 
    2834             : PyTypeObject PyListIter_Type = {
    2835             :     PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
    2836             :     "listiterator",                             /* tp_name */
    2837             :     sizeof(listiterobject),                     /* tp_basicsize */
    2838             :     0,                                          /* tp_itemsize */
    2839             :     /* methods */
    2840             :     (destructor)listiter_dealloc,               /* tp_dealloc */
    2841             :     0,                                          /* tp_print */
    2842             :     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
    2843             :     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
    2844             :     0,                                          /* tp_compare */
    2845             :     0,                                          /* tp_repr */
    2846             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
    2847             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
    2848             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
    2849             :     0,                                          /* tp_hash */
    2850             :     0,                                          /* tp_call */
    2851             :     0,                                          /* tp_str */
    2852             :     PyObject_GenericGetAttr,                    /* tp_getattro */
    2853             :     0,                                          /* tp_setattro */
    2854             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
    2855             :     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,/* tp_flags */
    2856             :     0,                                          /* tp_doc */
    2857             :     (traverseproc)listiter_traverse,            /* tp_traverse */
    2858             :     0,                                          /* tp_clear */
    2859             :     0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
    2860             :     0,                                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
    2861             :     PyObject_SelfIter,                          /* tp_iter */
    2862             :     (iternextfunc)listiter_next,                /* tp_iternext */
    2863             :     listiter_methods,                           /* tp_methods */
    2864             :     0,                                          /* tp_members */
    2865             : };
    2866             : 
    2867             : 
    2868             : static PyObject *
    2869       10235 : list_iter(PyObject *seq)
    2870             : {
    2871             :     listiterobject *it;
    2872             : 
    2873       10235 :     if (!PyList_Check(seq)) {
    2874           0 :         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
    2875           0 :         return NULL;
    2876             :     }
    2877       10235 :     it = PyObject_GC_New(listiterobject, &PyListIter_Type);
    2878       10235 :     if (it == NULL)
    2879           0 :         return NULL;
    2880       10235 :     it->it_index = 0;
    2881       10235 :     Py_INCREF(seq);
    2882       10235 :     it->it_seq = (PyListObject *)seq;
    2883       10235 :     _PyObject_GC_TRACK(it);
    2884       10235 :     return (PyObject *)it;
    2885             : }
    2886             : 
    2887             : static void
    2888       10235 : listiter_dealloc(listiterobject *it)
    2889             : {
    2890       10235 :     _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(it);
    2891       10235 :     Py_XDECREF(it->it_seq);
    2892       10235 :     PyObject_GC_Del(it);
    2893       10235 : }
    2894             : 
    2895             : static int
    2896          72 : listiter_traverse(listiterobject *it, visitproc visit, void *arg)
    2897             : {
    2898          72 :     Py_VISIT(it->it_seq);
    2899          72 :     return 0;
    2900             : }
    2901             : 
    2902             : static PyObject *
    2903       44373 : listiter_next(listiterobject *it)
    2904             : {
    2905             :     PyListObject *seq;
    2906             :     PyObject *item;
    2907             : 
    2908             :     assert(it != NULL);
    2909       44373 :     seq = it->it_seq;
    2910       44373 :     if (seq == NULL)
    2911           0 :         return NULL;
    2912             :     assert(PyList_Check(seq));
    2913             : 
    2914       44373 :     if (it->it_index < PyList_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
    2915       34699 :         item = PyList_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index);
    2916       34699 :         ++it->it_index;
    2917       34699 :         Py_INCREF(item);
    2918       34699 :         return item;
    2919             :     }
    2920             : 
    2921        9674 :     it->it_seq = NULL;
    2922        9674 :     Py_DECREF(seq);
    2923        9674 :     return NULL;
    2924             : }
    2925             : 
    2926             : static PyObject *
    2927           0 : listiter_len(listiterobject *it)
    2928             : {
    2929             :     Py_ssize_t len;
    2930           0 :     if (it->it_seq) {
    2931           0 :         len = PyList_GET_SIZE(it->it_seq) - it->it_index;
    2932           0 :         if (len >= 0)
    2933           0 :             return PyInt_FromSsize_t(len);
    2934             :     }
    2935           0 :     return PyInt_FromLong(0);
    2936             : }
    2937             : /*********************** List Reverse Iterator **************************/
    2938             : 
    2939             : typedef struct {
    2940             :     PyObject_HEAD
    2941             :     Py_ssize_t it_index;
    2942             :     PyListObject *it_seq; /* Set to NULL when iterator is exhausted */
    2943             : } listreviterobject;
    2944             : 
    2945             : static PyObject *list_reversed(PyListObject *, PyObject *);
    2946             : static void listreviter_dealloc(listreviterobject *);
    2947             : static int listreviter_traverse(listreviterobject *, visitproc, void *);
    2948             : static PyObject *listreviter_next(listreviterobject *);
    2949             : static PyObject *listreviter_len(listreviterobject *);
    2950             : 
    2951             : static PyMethodDef listreviter_methods[] = {
    2952             :     {"__length_hint__", (PyCFunction)listreviter_len, METH_NOARGS, length_hint_doc},
    2953             :     {NULL,              NULL}           /* sentinel */
    2954             : };
    2955             : 
    2956             : PyTypeObject PyListRevIter_Type = {
    2957             :     PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
    2958             :     "listreverseiterator",                      /* tp_name */
    2959             :     sizeof(listreviterobject),                  /* tp_basicsize */
    2960             :     0,                                          /* tp_itemsize */
    2961             :     /* methods */
    2962             :     (destructor)listreviter_dealloc,            /* tp_dealloc */
    2963             :     0,                                          /* tp_print */
    2964             :     0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
    2965             :     0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
    2966             :     0,                                          /* tp_compare */
    2967             :     0,                                          /* tp_repr */
    2968             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
    2969             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
    2970             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
    2971             :     0,                                          /* tp_hash */
    2972             :     0,                                          /* tp_call */
    2973             :     0,                                          /* tp_str */
    2974             :     PyObject_GenericGetAttr,                    /* tp_getattro */
    2975             :     0,                                          /* tp_setattro */
    2976             :     0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
    2977             :     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,/* tp_flags */
    2978             :     0,                                          /* tp_doc */
    2979             :     (traverseproc)listreviter_traverse,         /* tp_traverse */
    2980             :     0,                                          /* tp_clear */
    2981             :     0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
    2982             :     0,                                          /* tp_weaklistoffset */
    2983             :     PyObject_SelfIter,                          /* tp_iter */
    2984             :     (iternextfunc)listreviter_next,             /* tp_iternext */
    2985             :     listreviter_methods,                /* tp_methods */
    2986             :     0,
    2987             : };
    2988             : 
    2989             : static PyObject *
    2990           3 : list_reversed(PyListObject *seq, PyObject *unused)
    2991             : {
    2992             :     listreviterobject *it;
    2993             : 
    2994           3 :     it = PyObject_GC_New(listreviterobject, &PyListRevIter_Type);
    2995           3 :     if (it == NULL)
    2996           0 :         return NULL;
    2997             :     assert(PyList_Check(seq));
    2998           3 :     it->it_index = PyList_GET_SIZE(seq) - 1;
    2999           3 :     Py_INCREF(seq);
    3000           3 :     it->it_seq = seq;
    3001           3 :     PyObject_GC_Track(it);
    3002           3 :     return (PyObject *)it;
    3003             : }
    3004             : 
    3005             : static void
    3006           3 : listreviter_dealloc(listreviterobject *it)
    3007             : {
    3008           3 :     PyObject_GC_UnTrack(it);
    3009           3 :     Py_XDECREF(it->it_seq);
    3010           3 :     PyObject_GC_Del(it);
    3011           3 : }
    3012             : 
    3013             : static int
    3014           0 : listreviter_traverse(listreviterobject *it, visitproc visit, void *arg)
    3015             : {
    3016           0 :     Py_VISIT(it->it_seq);
    3017           0 :     return 0;
    3018             : }
    3019             : 
    3020             : static PyObject *
    3021           3 : listreviter_next(listreviterobject *it)
    3022             : {
    3023             :     PyObject *item;
    3024             :     Py_ssize_t index;
    3025             :     PyListObject *seq;
    3026             : 
    3027             :     assert(it != NULL);
    3028           3 :     seq = it->it_seq;
    3029           3 :     if (seq == NULL) {
    3030           0 :         return NULL;
    3031             :     }
    3032             :     assert(PyList_Check(seq));
    3033             : 
    3034           3 :     index = it->it_index;
    3035           3 :     if (index>=0 && index < PyList_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
    3036           0 :         item = PyList_GET_ITEM(seq, index);
    3037           0 :         it->it_index--;
    3038           0 :         Py_INCREF(item);
    3039           0 :         return item;
    3040             :     }
    3041           3 :     it->it_index = -1;
    3042           3 :     it->it_seq = NULL;
    3043           3 :     Py_DECREF(seq);
    3044           3 :     return NULL;
    3045             : }
    3046             : 
    3047             : static PyObject *
    3048           0 : listreviter_len(listreviterobject *it)
    3049             : {
    3050           0 :     Py_ssize_t len = it->it_index + 1;
    3051           0 :     if (it->it_seq == NULL || PyList_GET_SIZE(it->it_seq) < len)
    3052           0 :         len = 0;
    3053           0 :     return PyLong_FromSsize_t(len);
    3054             : }

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