1 |
# printf |
2 |
# bash-completion uses this odd printf -v construction. It seems to mostly use |
3 |
# %s and %q though. |
4 |
# |
5 |
# %s should just be |
6 |
# declare $var='val' |
7 |
# |
8 |
# NOTE: |
9 |
# /usr/bin/printf %q "'" seems wrong. |
10 |
# $ /usr/bin/printf %q "'" |
11 |
# ''\''' |
12 |
# |
13 |
# I suppose it is technically correct, but it looks very ugly. |
14 |
|
15 |
#### printf with no args |
16 |
printf |
17 |
## status: 2 |
18 |
## OK mksh/zsh status: 1 |
19 |
## stdout-json: "" |
20 |
|
21 |
#### printf -v %s |
22 |
var=foo |
23 |
printf -v $var %s 'hello there' |
24 |
argv.py "$foo" |
25 |
## STDOUT: |
26 |
['hello there'] |
27 |
## END |
28 |
## N-I mksh/zsh/ash STDOUT: |
29 |
-v[''] |
30 |
## END |
31 |
## N-I dash STDOUT: |
32 |
[''] |
33 |
## END |
34 |
|
35 |
#### printf -v %q |
36 |
val='"quoted" with spaces and \' |
37 |
|
38 |
# quote 'val' and store it in foo |
39 |
printf -v foo %q "$val" |
40 |
# then round trip back to eval |
41 |
eval "bar=$foo" |
42 |
|
43 |
# debugging: |
44 |
#echo foo="$foo" |
45 |
#echo bar="$bar" |
46 |
#echo val="$val" |
47 |
|
48 |
test "$bar" = "$val" && echo OK |
49 |
## STDOUT: |
50 |
OK |
51 |
## END |
52 |
## N-I mksh/zsh/ash stdout-json: "-v" |
53 |
## N-I mksh/zsh/ash status: 1 |
54 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: "" |
55 |
## N-I dash status: 1 |
56 |
|
57 |
#### printf -v a[1] |
58 |
a=(a b c) |
59 |
printf -v 'a[1]' %s 'foo' |
60 |
echo status=$? |
61 |
argv.py "${a[@]}" |
62 |
## STDOUT: |
63 |
status=0 |
64 |
['a', 'foo', 'c'] |
65 |
## END |
66 |
## N-I mksh/zsh STDOUT: |
67 |
-vstatus=0 |
68 |
['a', 'b', 'c'] |
69 |
## END |
70 |
## N-I dash/ash stdout-json: "" |
71 |
## N-I dash/ash status: 2 |
72 |
## N-I osh STDOUT: |
73 |
status=2 |
74 |
['a', 'b', 'c'] |
75 |
## END |
76 |
|
77 |
#### dynamic declare instead of %s |
78 |
var=foo |
79 |
declare $var='hello there' |
80 |
argv.py "$foo" |
81 |
## STDOUT: |
82 |
['hello there'] |
83 |
## END |
84 |
## N-I dash/mksh/ash STDOUT: |
85 |
[''] |
86 |
## END |
87 |
|
88 |
#### dynamic declare instead of %q |
89 |
var=foo |
90 |
val='"quoted" with spaces and \' |
91 |
# I think this is bash 4.4 only. |
92 |
declare $var="${val@Q}" |
93 |
echo "$foo" |
94 |
## STDOUT: |
95 |
'"quoted" with spaces and \' |
96 |
## END |
97 |
## OK osh STDOUT: |
98 |
$'"quoted" with spaces and \\' |
99 |
## END |
100 |
## N-I dash/ash stdout-json: "" |
101 |
## N-I dash/ash status: 2 |
102 |
## N-I mksh stdout-json: "\n" |
103 |
## N-I zsh stdout-json: "" |
104 |
## N-I zsh status: 1 |
105 |
|
106 |
#### printf -v dynamic scope |
107 |
case $SH in mksh|zsh|dash|ash) echo not implemented; exit ;; esac |
108 |
# OK so printf is like assigning to a var. |
109 |
# printf -v foo %q "$bar" is like |
110 |
# foo=${bar@Q} |
111 |
dollar='dollar' |
112 |
f() { |
113 |
local mylocal=foo |
114 |
printf -v dollar %q '$' # assign foo to a quoted dollar |
115 |
printf -v mylocal %q 'mylocal' |
116 |
echo dollar=$dollar |
117 |
echo mylocal=$mylocal |
118 |
} |
119 |
echo dollar=$dollar |
120 |
echo -- |
121 |
f |
122 |
echo -- |
123 |
echo dollar=$dollar |
124 |
echo mylocal=$mylocal |
125 |
## STDOUT: |
126 |
dollar=dollar |
127 |
-- |
128 |
dollar=\$ |
129 |
mylocal=mylocal |
130 |
-- |
131 |
dollar=\$ |
132 |
mylocal= |
133 |
## END |
134 |
## OK osh STDOUT: |
135 |
dollar=dollar |
136 |
-- |
137 |
dollar='$' |
138 |
mylocal=mylocal |
139 |
-- |
140 |
dollar='$' |
141 |
mylocal= |
142 |
## END |
143 |
## N-I dash/ash/mksh/zsh STDOUT: |
144 |
not implemented |
145 |
## END |
146 |
|
147 |
#### printf with too few arguments |
148 |
printf -- '-%s-%s-%s-\n' 'a b' 'x y' |
149 |
## STDOUT: |
150 |
-a b-x y-- |
151 |
## END |
152 |
|
153 |
#### printf with too many arguments |
154 |
printf -- '-%s-%s-\n' a b c d e |
155 |
## STDOUT: |
156 |
-a-b- |
157 |
-c-d- |
158 |
-e-- |
159 |
## END |
160 |
|
161 |
#### printf width strings |
162 |
printf '[%5s]\n' abc |
163 |
printf '[%-5s]\n' abc |
164 |
## STDOUT: |
165 |
[ abc] |
166 |
[abc ] |
167 |
## END |
168 |
|
169 |
#### printf integer |
170 |
printf '%d\n' 42 |
171 |
printf '%i\n' 42 # synonym |
172 |
printf '%d\n' \'a # if first character is a quote, use character code |
173 |
printf '%d\n' \"a # double quotes work too |
174 |
printf '[%5d]\n' 42 |
175 |
printf '[%-5d]\n' 42 |
176 |
printf '[%05d]\n' 42 |
177 |
#printf '[%-05d]\n' 42 # the leading 0 is meaningless |
178 |
#[42 ] |
179 |
## STDOUT: |
180 |
42 |
181 |
42 |
182 |
97 |
183 |
97 |
184 |
[ 42] |
185 |
[42 ] |
186 |
[00042] |
187 |
## END |
188 |
|
189 |
#### printf %6.4d -- precision means something different for integers !? |
190 |
printf '[%6.4d]\n' 42 |
191 |
## STDOUT: |
192 |
[ 0042] |
193 |
## END |
194 |
## N-I osh stdout-json: "" |
195 |
## N-I osh status: 2 |
196 |
|
197 |
#### printf %6.4s does both truncation and padding |
198 |
printf '[%6s]\n' foo |
199 |
printf '[%6.4s]\n' foo |
200 |
printf '[%-6.4s]\n' foo |
201 |
printf '[%6s]\n' spam-eggs |
202 |
printf '[%6.4s]\n' spam-eggs |
203 |
printf '[%-6.4s]\n' spam-eggs |
204 |
## STDOUT: |
205 |
[ foo] |
206 |
[ foo] |
207 |
[foo ] |
208 |
[spam-eggs] |
209 |
[ spam] |
210 |
[spam ] |
211 |
## END |
212 |
|
213 |
#### printf %6.0s and %0.0s |
214 |
printf '[%6.0s]\n' foo |
215 |
printf '[%0.0s]\n' foo |
216 |
## STDOUT: |
217 |
[ ] |
218 |
[] |
219 |
## END |
220 |
## N-I mksh stdout-json: "[ ]\n[" |
221 |
## N-I mksh status: 1 |
222 |
|
223 |
#### printf %6.s and %0.s |
224 |
printf '[%6.s]\n' foo |
225 |
printf '[%0.s]\n' foo |
226 |
## STDOUT: |
227 |
[ ] |
228 |
[] |
229 |
## END |
230 |
## BUG zsh STDOUT: |
231 |
[ foo] |
232 |
[foo] |
233 |
## END |
234 |
## N-I mksh stdout-json: "[ ]\n[" |
235 |
## N-I mksh status: 1 |
236 |
|
237 |
#### printf %*.*s (width/precision from args) |
238 |
printf '[%*s]\n' 9 hello |
239 |
printf '[%.*s]\n' 3 hello |
240 |
printf '[%*.3s]\n' 9 hello |
241 |
printf '[%9.*s]\n' 3 hello |
242 |
printf '[%*.*s]\n' 9 3 hello |
243 |
## STDOUT: |
244 |
[ hello] |
245 |
[hel] |
246 |
[ hel] |
247 |
[ hel] |
248 |
[ hel] |
249 |
## END |
250 |
|
251 |
#### unsigned / octal / hex |
252 |
printf '[%u]\n' 42 |
253 |
printf '[%o]\n' 42 |
254 |
printf '[%x]\n' 42 |
255 |
printf '[%X]\n' 42 |
256 |
printf '[%X]\n' \'a # if first character is a quote, use character code |
257 |
printf '[%X]\n' \'ab # extra chars ignored |
258 |
## STDOUT: |
259 |
[42] |
260 |
[52] |
261 |
[2a] |
262 |
[2A] |
263 |
[61] |
264 |
[61] |
265 |
## END |
266 |
|
267 |
#### empty string (osh is more strict) |
268 |
printf '%d\n' '' |
269 |
## OK osh stdout-json: "" |
270 |
## OK osh status: 1 |
271 |
## OK ash status: 1 |
272 |
## STDOUT: |
273 |
0 |
274 |
## END |
275 |
|
276 |
#### No char after ' (osh is more strict) |
277 |
|
278 |
# most shells use 0 here |
279 |
printf '%d\n' \' |
280 |
|
281 |
## OK osh stdout-json: "" |
282 |
## OK osh status: 1 |
283 |
## OK mksh status: 1 |
284 |
## STDOUT: |
285 |
0 |
286 |
## END |
287 |
|
288 |
#### Unicode char with ' (osh is more strict) |
289 |
|
290 |
# the mu character is U+03BC |
291 |
|
292 |
printf '%x\n' \'μ |
293 |
|
294 |
## STDOUT: |
295 |
3bc |
296 |
## END |
297 |
## BUG dash/mksh/ash STDOUT: |
298 |
ce |
299 |
## END |
300 |
|
301 |
#### negative numbers with unsigned / octal / hex |
302 |
printf '[%u]\n' -42 |
303 |
printf '[%o]\n' -42 |
304 |
printf '[%x]\n' -42 |
305 |
printf '[%X]\n' -42 |
306 |
## STDOUT: |
307 |
[18446744073709551574] |
308 |
[1777777777777777777726] |
309 |
[ffffffffffffffd6] |
310 |
[FFFFFFFFFFFFFFD6] |
311 |
## END |
312 |
|
313 |
# osh DISALLOWS this because the output depends on the machine architecture. |
314 |
## N-I osh stdout-json: "" |
315 |
## N-I osh status: 1 |
316 |
|
317 |
#### printf floating point (not required, but they all implement it) |
318 |
printf '[%f]\n' 3.14159 |
319 |
printf '[%.2f]\n' 3.14159 |
320 |
printf '[%8.2f]\n' 3.14159 |
321 |
printf '[%-8.2f]\n' 3.14159 |
322 |
printf '[%-f]\n' 3.14159 |
323 |
printf '[%-f]\n' 3.14 |
324 |
## STDOUT: |
325 |
[3.141590] |
326 |
[3.14] |
327 |
[ 3.14] |
328 |
[3.14 ] |
329 |
[3.141590] |
330 |
[3.140000] |
331 |
## END |
332 |
## N-I osh stdout-json: "" |
333 |
## N-I osh status: 2 |
334 |
|
335 |
#### printf floating point with - and 0 |
336 |
printf '[%8.4f]\n' 3.14 |
337 |
printf '[%08.4f]\n' 3.14 |
338 |
printf '[%8.04f]\n' 3.14 # meaning less 0 |
339 |
printf '[%08.04f]\n' 3.14 |
340 |
echo --- |
341 |
# these all boil down to the same thing. The -, 8, and 4 are respected, but |
342 |
# none of the 0 are. |
343 |
printf '[%-8.4f]\n' 3.14 |
344 |
printf '[%-08.4f]\n' 3.14 |
345 |
printf '[%-8.04f]\n' 3.14 |
346 |
printf '[%-08.04f]\n' 3.14 |
347 |
## STDOUT: |
348 |
[ 3.1400] |
349 |
[003.1400] |
350 |
[ 3.1400] |
351 |
[003.1400] |
352 |
--- |
353 |
[3.1400 ] |
354 |
[3.1400 ] |
355 |
[3.1400 ] |
356 |
[3.1400 ] |
357 |
## END |
358 |
## N-I osh STDOUT: |
359 |
--- |
360 |
## END |
361 |
## N-I osh status: 2 |
362 |
|
363 |
#### printf eE fF gG |
364 |
printf '[%e]\n' 3.14 |
365 |
printf '[%E]\n' 3.14 |
366 |
printf '[%f]\n' 3.14 |
367 |
# bash is the only one that implements %F? Is it a synonym? |
368 |
#printf '[%F]\n' 3.14 |
369 |
printf '[%g]\n' 3.14 |
370 |
printf '[%G]\n' 3.14 |
371 |
## STDOUT: |
372 |
[3.140000e+00] |
373 |
[3.140000E+00] |
374 |
[3.140000] |
375 |
[3.14] |
376 |
[3.14] |
377 |
## END |
378 |
## N-I osh stdout-json: "" |
379 |
## N-I osh status: 2 |
380 |
|
381 |
#### printf backslash escapes |
382 |
argv.py "$(printf 'a\tb')" |
383 |
argv.py "$(printf '\xE2\x98\xA0')" |
384 |
argv.py "$(printf '\044e')" |
385 |
argv.py "$(printf '\0377')" # out of range |
386 |
## STDOUT: |
387 |
['a\tb'] |
388 |
['\xe2\x98\xa0'] |
389 |
['$e'] |
390 |
['\x1f7'] |
391 |
## END |
392 |
## N-I dash STDOUT: |
393 |
['a\tb'] |
394 |
['\\xE2\\x98\\xA0'] |
395 |
['$e'] |
396 |
['\x1f7'] |
397 |
## END |
398 |
|
399 |
#### printf octal backslash escapes |
400 |
argv.py "$(printf '\0377')" |
401 |
argv.py "$(printf '\377')" |
402 |
## STDOUT: |
403 |
['\x1f7'] |
404 |
['\xff'] |
405 |
## END |
406 |
|
407 |
#### printf unicode backslash escapes |
408 |
argv.py "$(printf '\u2620')" |
409 |
argv.py "$(printf '\U0000065f')" |
410 |
## STDOUT: |
411 |
['\xe2\x98\xa0'] |
412 |
['\xd9\x9f'] |
413 |
## END |
414 |
## N-I dash/ash STDOUT: |
415 |
['\\u2620'] |
416 |
['\\U0000065f'] |
417 |
## END |
418 |
|
419 |
#### printf invalid backslash escape (is ignored) |
420 |
printf '[\Z]\n' |
421 |
## STDOUT: |
422 |
[\Z] |
423 |
## END |
424 |
|
425 |
#### printf % escapes |
426 |
printf '[%%]\n' |
427 |
## STDOUT: |
428 |
[%] |
429 |
## END |
430 |
|
431 |
#### printf %b backslash escaping |
432 |
printf '[%s]\n' '\044' # escapes not evaluated |
433 |
printf '[%b]\n' '\044' # YES, escapes evaluated |
434 |
echo status=$? |
435 |
## STDOUT: |
436 |
[\044] |
437 |
[$] |
438 |
status=0 |
439 |
## END |
440 |
|
441 |
#### printf %b with \c early return |
442 |
printf '[%b]\n' 'ab\ncd\cxy' |
443 |
echo $? |
444 |
## STDOUT: |
445 |
[ab |
446 |
cd0 |
447 |
## END |
448 |
|
449 |
#### printf %c -- doesn't respect UTF-8! Bad. |
450 |
twomu=$'\u03bc\u03bc' |
451 |
printf '[%s]\n' "$twomu" |
452 |
printf '%c' "$twomu" | wc --bytes |
453 |
## STDOUT: |
454 |
[μμ] |
455 |
1 |
456 |
## END |
457 |
## N-I dash STDOUT: |
458 |
[$\u03bc\u03bc] |
459 |
1 |
460 |
## END |
461 |
## N-I ash STDOUT: |
462 |
[\u03bc\u03bc] |
463 |
1 |
464 |
## END |
465 |
## N-I osh STDOUT: |
466 |
[μμ] |
467 |
0 |
468 |
## END |
469 |
|
470 |
#### printf invalid format |
471 |
printf '%z' 42 |
472 |
echo status=$? |
473 |
printf '%-z' 42 |
474 |
echo status=$? |
475 |
## STDOUT: |
476 |
status=1 |
477 |
status=1 |
478 |
## END |
479 |
# osh emits parse errors |
480 |
## OK dash/osh STDOUT: |
481 |
status=2 |
482 |
status=2 |
483 |
## END |
484 |
|
485 |
#### printf %q |
486 |
x='a b' |
487 |
printf '[%q]\n' "$x" |
488 |
## STDOUT: |
489 |
['a b'] |
490 |
## END |
491 |
## OK bash/zsh STDOUT: |
492 |
[a\ b] |
493 |
## END |
494 |
## N-I ash/dash stdout-json: "[" |
495 |
## N-I ash status: 1 |
496 |
## N-I dash status: 2 |
497 |
|
498 |
#### printf %6q (width) |
499 |
# NOTE: coreutils /usr/bin/printf does NOT implement this %6q !!! |
500 |
x='a b' |
501 |
printf '[%6q]\n' "$x" |
502 |
## STDOUT: |
503 |
[ 'a b'] |
504 |
## END |
505 |
## OK bash/zsh STDOUT: |
506 |
[ a\ b] |
507 |
## END |
508 |
## N-I mksh/ash/dash stdout-json: "[" |
509 |
## N-I mksh/ash status: 1 |
510 |
## N-I dash status: 2 |
511 |
|
512 |
#### printf + and space flags |
513 |
# I didn't know these existed -- I only knew about - and 0 ! |
514 |
printf '[%+d]\n' 42 |
515 |
printf '[%+d]\n' -42 |
516 |
printf '[% d]\n' 42 |
517 |
printf '[% d]\n' -42 |
518 |
## STDOUT: |
519 |
[+42] |
520 |
[-42] |
521 |
[ 42] |
522 |
[-42] |
523 |
## END |
524 |
## N-I osh stdout-json: "" |
525 |
## N-I osh status: 2 |
526 |
|
527 |
#### printf # flag |
528 |
# I didn't know these existed -- I only knew about - and 0 ! |
529 |
# Note: '#' flag for integers outputs a prefix ONLY WHEN the value is non-zero |
530 |
printf '[%#o][%#o]\n' 0 42 |
531 |
printf '[%#x][%#x]\n' 0 42 |
532 |
printf '[%#X][%#X]\n' 0 42 |
533 |
echo --- |
534 |
# Note: '#' flag for %f, %g always outputs the decimal point. |
535 |
printf '[%.0f][%#.0f]\n' 3 3 |
536 |
# Note: In addition, '#' flag for %g does not omit zeroes in fraction |
537 |
printf '[%g][%#g]\n' 3 3 |
538 |
## STDOUT: |
539 |
[0][052] |
540 |
[0][0x2a] |
541 |
[0][0X2A] |
542 |
--- |
543 |
[3][3.] |
544 |
[3][3.00000] |
545 |
## END |
546 |
## N-I osh STDOUT: |
547 |
--- |
548 |
## END |
549 |
## N-I osh status: 2 |
550 |
|
551 |
#### Runtime error for invalid integer |
552 |
x=3abc |
553 |
printf '%d\n' $x |
554 |
echo status=$? |
555 |
printf '%d\n' xyz |
556 |
echo status=$? |
557 |
## STDOUT: |
558 |
3 |
559 |
status=1 |
560 |
0 |
561 |
status=1 |
562 |
## END |
563 |
# zsh should exit 1 in both cases |
564 |
## BUG zsh STDOUT: |
565 |
0 |
566 |
status=1 |
567 |
0 |
568 |
status=0 |
569 |
## END |
570 |
# fails but also prints 0 instead of 3abc |
571 |
## BUG ash STDOUT: |
572 |
0 |
573 |
status=1 |
574 |
0 |
575 |
status=1 |
576 |
## END |
577 |
# osh doesn't print anything invalid |
578 |
## OK osh STDOUT: |
579 |
status=1 |
580 |
status=1 |
581 |
## END |
582 |
|
583 |
#### %(strftime format)T |
584 |
# The result depends on timezone |
585 |
export TZ=Asia/Tokyo |
586 |
printf '%(%Y-%m-%d)T\n' 1557978599 |
587 |
export TZ=US/Eastern |
588 |
printf '%(%Y-%m-%d)T\n' 1557978599 |
589 |
echo status=$? |
590 |
## STDOUT: |
591 |
2019-05-16 |
592 |
2019-05-15 |
593 |
status=0 |
594 |
## END |
595 |
## N-I mksh/zsh/ash STDOUT: |
596 |
status=1 |
597 |
## END |
598 |
## N-I dash STDOUT: |
599 |
status=2 |
600 |
## END |
601 |
|
602 |
#### %(strftime format)T doesn't respect TZ if not exported |
603 |
|
604 |
# note: this test leaks! It assumes that /etc/localtime is NOT Portugal. |
605 |
|
606 |
TZ=Portugal # NOT exported |
607 |
localtime=$(printf '%(%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S)T\n' 1557978599) |
608 |
|
609 |
# TZ is respected |
610 |
export TZ=Portugal |
611 |
tz=$(printf '%(%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S)T\n' 1557978599) |
612 |
|
613 |
#echo $localtime |
614 |
#echo $tz |
615 |
|
616 |
if ! test "$localtime" = "$tz"; then |
617 |
echo 'not equal' |
618 |
fi |
619 |
## STDOUT: |
620 |
not equal |
621 |
## END |
622 |
## N-I mksh/zsh/ash/dash stdout-json: "" |
623 |
|
624 |
#### %(strftime format)T TZ in environ but not in shell's memory |
625 |
|
626 |
# note: this test leaks! It assumes that /etc/localtime is NOT Portugal. |
627 |
|
628 |
# TZ is respected |
629 |
export TZ=Portugal |
630 |
tz=$(printf '%(%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S)T\n' 1557978599) |
631 |
|
632 |
unset TZ # unset in the shell, but still in the environment |
633 |
|
634 |
localtime=$(printf '%(%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S)T\n' 1557978599) |
635 |
|
636 |
if ! test "$localtime" = "$tz"; then |
637 |
echo 'not equal' |
638 |
fi |
639 |
|
640 |
## STDOUT: |
641 |
not equal |
642 |
## END |
643 |
## N-I mksh/zsh/ash/dash stdout-json: "" |
644 |
|
645 |
#### %10.5(strftime format)T |
646 |
# The result depends on timezone |
647 |
export TZ=Asia/Tokyo |
648 |
printf '[%10.5(%Y-%m-%d)T]\n' 1557978599 |
649 |
export TZ=US/Eastern |
650 |
printf '[%10.5(%Y-%m-%d)T]\n' 1557978599 |
651 |
echo status=$? |
652 |
## STDOUT: |
653 |
[ 2019-] |
654 |
[ 2019-] |
655 |
status=0 |
656 |
## END |
657 |
## N-I dash/mksh/zsh/ash STDOUT: |
658 |
[[status=1 |
659 |
## END |
660 |
## N-I dash STDOUT: |
661 |
[[status=2 |
662 |
## END |