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#!/usr/bin/env bash |
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|
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#### case |
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foo=a; case $foo in [0-9]) echo number;; [a-z]) echo letter;; esac |
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## stdout: letter |
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|
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#### case in subshell |
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# Hm this subhell has to know about the closing ) and stuff like that. |
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# case_clause is a compound_command, which is a command. And a subshell |
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# takes a compound_list, which is a list of terms, which has and_ors in them |
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# ... which eventually boils down to a command. |
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echo $(foo=a; case $foo in [0-9]) echo number;; [a-z]) echo letter;; esac) |
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## stdout: letter |
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|
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#### Command sub word part |
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# "The token shall not be delimited by the end of the substitution." |
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foo=FOO; echo $(echo $foo)bar$(echo $foo) |
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## stdout: FOObarFOO |
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|
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#### Backtick |
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foo=FOO; echo `echo $foo`bar`echo $foo` |
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## stdout: FOObarFOO |
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|
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#### Backtick 2 |
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echo `echo -n l; echo -n s` |
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## stdout: ls |
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|
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#### Nested backticks |
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# Inner `` are escaped! Not sure how to do triple.. Seems like an unlikely |
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# use case. Not sure if I even want to support this! |
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echo X > $TMP/000000-first |
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echo `\`echo -n l; echo -n s\` $TMP | grep 000000-first` |
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## stdout: 000000-first |
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|
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#### Making command out of command sub should work |
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# Works in bash and dash! |
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$(echo ec)$(echo ho) split builtin |
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## stdout: split builtin |
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|
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#### Making keyword out of command sub should NOT work |
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$(echo f)$(echo or) i in a b c; do echo $i; done |
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echo status=$? |
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## stdout-json: "" |
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## status: 2 |
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## OK mksh status: 1 |
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|
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#### Command sub with here doc |
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echo $(<<EOF tac |
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one |
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two |
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EOF |
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) |
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## stdout: two one |
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|
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#### Here doc with pipeline |
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<<EOF tac | tr '\n' 'X' |
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one |
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two |
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EOF |
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## stdout-json: "twoXoneX" |
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|
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#### Command Sub word split |
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argv.py $(echo 'hi there') "$(echo 'hi there')" |
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## stdout: ['hi', 'there', 'hi there'] |
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|
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#### Command Sub trailing newline removed |
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s=$(python -c 'print("ab\ncd\n")') |
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argv.py "$s" |
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## stdout: ['ab\ncd'] |
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|
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#### Command Sub trailing whitespace not removed |
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s=$(python -c 'print("ab\ncd\n ")') |
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argv.py "$s" |
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## stdout: ['ab\ncd\n '] |
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|
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#### Command Sub and exit code |
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# A command resets the exit code, but an assignment doesn't. |
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echo $(echo x; exit 33) |
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echo $? |
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x=$(echo x; exit 33) |
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echo $? |
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## STDOUT: |
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x |
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0 |
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33 |
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## END |
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|
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#### Command Sub in local sets exit code |
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# A command resets the exit code, but an assignment doesn't. |
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f() { |
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echo $(echo x; exit 33) |
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echo $? |
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local x=$(echo x; exit 33) |
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echo $? |
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} |
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f |
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## STDOUT: |
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x |
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0 |
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0 |
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## END |
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|
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#### Double Quotes in Command Sub in Double Quotes |
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# virtualenv's bin/activate uses this. |
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# This is weird! Double quotes within `` is different than double quotes |
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# within $()! All shells agree. |
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# I think this is related to the nested backticks case! |
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echo "x $(echo hi)" |
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echo "x $(echo "hi")" |
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echo "x $(echo \"hi\")" |
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echo "x `echo hi`" |
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echo "x `echo "hi"`" |
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echo "x `echo \"hi\"`" |
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## STDOUT: |
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x hi |
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x hi |
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x "hi" |
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x hi |
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x hi |
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x hi |
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## END |
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|
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#### Escaped quote in [[ ]] |
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file=$TMP/command-sub-dbracket |
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#rm -f $file |
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echo "123 `[[ $(echo \\" > $file) ]]` 456"; |
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cat $file |
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## STDOUT: |
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123 456 |
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" |
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## END |
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|
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#### Quoting $ within `` |
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echo 1 `echo $` |
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echo 2 `echo \$` |
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echo 3 `echo \\$` |
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echo 4 `echo \\\$` |
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echo 5 `echo \\\\$` |
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## STDOUT: |
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1 $ |
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2 $ |
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3 $ |
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4 $ |
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5 \$ |
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## END |
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|
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#### Quoting $ within `` within double quotes |
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echo "1 `echo $`" |
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echo "2 `echo \$`" |
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echo "3 `echo \\$`" |
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echo "4 `echo \\\$`" |
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echo "5 `echo \\\\$`" |
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## STDOUT: |
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1 $ |
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2 $ |
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3 $ |
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4 $ |
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5 \$ |
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## END |
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|
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#### Quoting \ within `` |
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# You need FOUR backslashes to make a literal \. |
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echo [1 `echo \ `] |
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echo [2 `echo \\ `] |
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echo [3 `echo \\\\ `] |
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## STDOUT: |
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[1 ] |
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[2 ] |
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[3 \] |
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## END |
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|
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#### Quoting \ within `` within double quotes |
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echo "[1 `echo \ `]" |
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echo "[2 `echo \\ `]" |
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echo "[3 `echo \\\\ `]" |
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## STDOUT: |
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[1 ] |
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[2 ] |
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[3 \] |
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## END |
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|
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#### Quoting ( within `` |
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echo 1 `echo \(` |
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echo 2 `echo \\(` |
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echo 3 `echo \\ \\(` |
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## STDOUT: |
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1 ( |
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2 ( |
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3 ( |
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## END |
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|
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#### Quoting ( within `` within double quotes |
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echo "1 `echo \(`" |
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echo "2 `echo \\(`" |
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echo "3 `echo \\ \\(`" |
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## STDOUT: |
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1 ( |
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2 ( |
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3 ( |
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## END |
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|
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#### Quoting non-special characters within `` |
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echo [1 `echo \z]` |
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echo [2 `echo \\z]` |
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echo [3 `echo \\\z]` |
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echo [4 `echo \\\\z]` |
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## STDOUT: |
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[1 z] |
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[2 z] |
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[3 \z] |
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[4 \z] |
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## END |
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|
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#### Quoting non-special characters within `` within double quotes |
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echo "[1 `echo \z`]" |
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echo "[2 `echo \\z`]" |
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echo "[3 `echo \\\z`]" |
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echo "[4 `echo \\\\z`]" |
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## STDOUT: |
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[1 z] |
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[2 z] |
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[3 \z] |
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[4 \z] |
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## END |
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|
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#### Quoting double quotes within backticks |
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echo \"foo\" # for comparison |
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echo `echo \"foo\"` |
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echo `echo \\"foo\\"` |
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## STDOUT: |
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"foo" |
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"foo" |
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"foo" |
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## END |
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|
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# Documented in doc/known-differences.md (and Morbig paper brought up the same |
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# issue) |
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## OK osh STDOUT: |
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"foo" |
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foo |
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"foo" |
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## END |
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|
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#### More levels of double quotes in backticks |
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# Shells don't agree here, some of them give you form feeds! |
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# There are two levels of processing I don't understand. |
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echo BUG |
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exit |
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echo `echo \\\"foo\\\"` |
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echo `echo \\\\"foo\\\\"` |
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echo `echo \\\\\"foo\\\\\"` |
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## BUG bash/dash/mksh/osh STDOUT: |
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BUG |
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## END |
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|
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#### Syntax errors with double quotes within backticks |
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|
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# bash does print syntax errors but somehow it exits 0 |
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|
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$SH -c 'echo `echo "`' |
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echo status=$? |
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$SH -c 'echo `echo \\\\"`' |
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echo status=$? |
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|
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## STDOUT: |
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status=2 |
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status=2 |
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## END |
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## OK mksh STDOUT: |
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status=1 |
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status=1 |
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## END |
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## OK bash stdout-json: "\nstatus=0\n\nstatus=0\n" |